{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:22:18Z","timestamp":1783063338964,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-24-CE10-6403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-24-CE10-6403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grand Est Region","award":["25E00156671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25E00156671"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-axis fused filament fabrication (FFF) reduces staircase artifacts and support material by adapting nozzle orientation. However, reliable and highly customizable printing requires layers and toolpaths combining a number of challenging properties: following prescribed fields, preserving constant bead geometry, avoiding stops, retractions, and collisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We present AtomSlicer, which takes a 3D tool-orientation field and perlayer 2-RoSy tangent direction fields, to generate field-aligned non-planar layers of near-constant thickness. It then computes collision-free deposition toolpaths that are continuous within each layer, and as continuous as possible across layers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>AtomSlicer encodes geometry with three orthogonal phase fields sampled into oriented atoms, partitions them into fabricable layers, reconstructs layer meshes, and synthesizes 2-RoSy-aligned toolpaths. Unlike prior methods it treats user- or optimizer-defined fields as constraints, producing a feasible toolpath or reporting non-fabricability rather than modifying the specification. We validate on varied shapes, including a large Thingi10k study, and 13 printed models using constant extrusion per unit path length under a fixed bead profile. AtomSlicer reduces non-extruding travel to a few percent, cuts travel moves by one to two orders of magnitude versus planar and Atomizer baselines, and is 9\u00d7-60\u00d7 faster than Atomizer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3811363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:05:51Z","timestamp":1783062351000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AtomSlicer: Constant-Thickness Field-Aligned Non-Planar Slicing and Continuous Toolpaths for FFF"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2681-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8420-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2323-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Chermain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COASE.2019.8843116"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552540210441166"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2999536"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Speed & Detail. https:\/\/bigrep.com\/posts\/optimizing-layer-height-3d-printing\/Published","year":"2025","unstructured":"BigRep. 2025. The Best Layer Height for 3D Printing: Finding the Sweet Spot for Strength, Speed & Detail. https:\/\/bigrep.com\/posts\/optimizing-layer-height-3d-printing\/Published 19 November 2025, accessed 10 December 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2007.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102470"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70189"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592412"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3745778.3766652"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-003-0217-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"Tran Kai Frank Da and David Cohen-Steiner. 2025. Advancing Front Surface Reconstruction. In CGAL User and Reference Manual (6.0 ed.). CGAL Editorial Board. https:\/\/doc.cgal.org\/6.0\/Manual\/packages.html#PkgAdvancingFrontSurfaceReconstruction"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201342"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3323022"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417834"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807442.2807476"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676349"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp2040064"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3559400.3561999"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104426"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2767000"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(95)00083-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","unstructured":"Sylvain Lefebvre Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Claux Thibault Tricard Salim Perchy C\u00e9dric Zanni Jimmy Etienne Pierre-Alexandre Hugron Nathaniel Seyler Haichuan Song Pierre Bedell Jon\u00e0s Mart\u00ednez J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Dumas Jean Hergel Samuel Hornus No\u00e9mie Vennin Denis Salem and Charles Helbing. 2026. IceSL. https:\/\/icesl.loria.fr\/ Software (3D printing slicer\/modeler)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102362"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13020473"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2022.103374"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3658212"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3730922"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-023-03586-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3588432.3591564"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"PrusaSlicer Expert Settings: Simply Explained. https:\/\/all3dp.com\/2\/prusaslicer-expert-settings\/ All3DP, updated","author":"Moody Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson Moody, Matteo Parenti, and Josiah Guthrie. 2024. PrusaSlicer Expert Settings: Simply Explained. https:\/\/all3dp.com\/2\/prusaslicer-expert-settings\/ All3DP, updated 6 April 2024, accessed 10 December 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6955(02)00164-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Layers and perimeters. https:\/\/help.prusa3d.com\/article\/layers-and-perimeters_1748. Prusa Knowledge Base, accessed","author":"Research Prusa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prusa Research. 2025. Layers and perimeters. https:\/\/help.prusa3d.com\/article\/layers-and-perimeters_1748. Prusa Knowledge Base, accessed 10 December 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3763354"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","unstructured":"RatRig. 2024. RatRig V-Core 3.1. https:\/\/docs.ratrig.com\/product-details\/v-core3-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/polyeng-2016-0263"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552549610153370"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4403-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104075"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3485114.3485117"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12437"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12864"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989140"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2023.103544"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3550454.3555516"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2025.112154"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3575859"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","first-page":"3D","article-title":"Thingi10K","volume":"10","author":"Zhou Qingnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qingnan Zhou and Alec Jacobson. 2016. Thingi10K: A Dataset of 10,000 3D-Printing Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.04797 (2016).","journal-title":"A Dataset of"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T07:14:38Z","timestamp":1783062878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3811363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3811363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3811363","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}