{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T17:04:24Z","timestamp":1784048664566,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":51,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3815397.3815774","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:06:32Z","timestamp":1784045192000},"page":"161-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learning Technologies and Learning Resources in Computing Science Higher Education: Exploring Access, Adoption, and Effectiveness in relation to Regional Context"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-6796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon Sunday","family":"Oyelere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-9001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsie","family":"Dubay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7492-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cruz","family":"Izu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and IT, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10161-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 730-737","author":"Amo Daniel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daniel Amo, Ricardo Torres, Xavier Canaleta, Javier Herrero-Mart\u00edn, Cristina Rodr\u00edguez-Merino, and David Fonseca. 2020. Seven principles to foster privacy and security in educational tools: Local Educational Data Analytics. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 730-737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3434780.3436637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v18i4.3009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 31-37","author":"Apel Sebastian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sebastian Apel, Philipp S\u00f6chtig, and Hans Michael Windisch. 2023. Using Learning Analytics to Identify Student Learning Profiles for Software Development Courses. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 31-37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3593663.3593679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Global Computing Education Conference 2025 -","volume":"2","author":"Karimi Ouldooz Baghban","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ouldooz Baghban Karimi, James Paterson, Solomon Sunday Oyelere, Chelsie Dubay, Mercy Wairimu Gachoka, Cruz Izu, Christian Basil Omeh, and Abdullahi Abubakar Yunusa. 2025. Technology Adoption and Learning Preferences in Computing Science Higher Education. In Proceedings of the ACM Global Computing Education Conference 2025 - Volume 2 (Gaborone, Botswana) (CompEd 2025). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 379\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3736251.3749529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5944\/openpraxis.10.4.889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 2","author":"Bernstein Seth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seth Bernstein, Paul Denny, Juho Leinonen, Matt Littlefield, Arto Hellas, and Stephen MacNeil. 2024. Analyzing Students' Preferences for LLM-Generated Analogies. In Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 2 (Milan, Italy) (ITiCSE 2024). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3649405.3659504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","article-title":"Public Review for Open Educational Resources for Computer Networking. SIGCOMM","volume":"50","author":"Bonaventure Olivier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olivier Bonaventure, Quentin De Coninck, Fabien Duch\u00eane, Anthony Gego, Mathieu Jadin, Fran\u00e7ois Michel, Maxime Piraux, Chantal Poncin, and Olivier Tilmans. 2020. Public Review for Open Educational Resources for Computer Networking. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., Vol. 50 (7 2020), 38-45. Issue 3.","journal-title":"Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 324-331","author":"Boytchev Pavel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavel Boytchev and Svetla Boytcheva. 2019. Innovative elearning technologies in the open education era. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 324-331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3345252.3345300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication: Building Coalitions. Worldwide, SIGDOC 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 294-309","author":"Covey Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry Covey. 2021. EBUX of OERs for PTC: Student and Faculty eBook User Experiences (eBUX) of Open Educational Resources (OERs) for Professional and Technical Communication (PTC). In Proceedings of the 39th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication: Building Coalitions. Worldwide, SIGDOC 2021. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 294-309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3472714.3473656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Technology acceptance model: TAM. Al-Suqri, MN, Al-Aufi","volume":"205","author":"Davis Fred D","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fred D Davis et al., 1989. Technology acceptance model: TAM. Al-Suqri, MN, Al-Aufi, AS: Information Seeking Behavior and Technology Adoption, Vol. 205, 219 (1989), 5.","journal-title":"AS: Information Seeking Behavior and Technology Adoption"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2021.3128019","article-title":"A systematic mapping of the classification of open educational resources for computer science education in digital sources","volume":"65","author":"de Deus William Simao","year":"2021","unstructured":"William Simao de Deus and Ellen Francine Barbosa. 2021. A systematic mapping of the classification of open educational resources for computer science education in digital sources. IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 65, 3 (2021), 450-460.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 1-9.","author":"de Oliveira Myke Morais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myke Morais de Oliveira, Leo Natan Paschoal, Patricia Mariotto Mozzaquatro Chicon, and Ellen Francine Barbosa. 2020. Towards an open educational resource sensitive to student's context to support introductory programming courses. In 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 1-9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Computing Education Conference","author":"de Raadt Michael","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michael de Raadt and Simon. 2011. My Students Don't Learn the Way I Do. In Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Computing Education Conference (Perth, Australia). ACE, 105-112."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/2808006.2808019","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Information Technology Education","author":"Dicheva Darina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Darina Dicheva and Christo Dichev. 2015. CS\/IT OER: Availability, Discoverability and Use. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Information Technology Education (New York, NY, USA). ACM, 133-138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2808006.2808019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET). IEEE, 170-181","author":"Escobar-Avila Javier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javier Escobar-Avila, Deborah Venuti, Massimiliano Di Penta, and Sonia Haiduc. 2019. A Survey on Online Learning Preferences for Computer Science and Programming. In 2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET). IEEE, 170-181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSE-SEET.2019.00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International C* Conference on Computer Science & Software Engineering - C3S2E '15","author":"Faria Ana Raquel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ana Raquel Faria, Ana Almeida, Constantino Martins, Ramiro Gon\u00e7alves, and Lino Figueiredo. 2015. Personality traits, Learning Preferences and Emotions. In Proceedings of the Eighth International C* Conference on Computer Science & Software Engineering - C3S2E '15 (New York, New York, USA). ACM Press, 63-69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2790798.2790809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-015-9101-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1145\/3568813.3600136","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1","author":"Fowler Max","year":"2023","unstructured":"Max Fowler, David H. Smith IV, Binglin Chen, and Craig Zilles. 2023. ''I Don't Gamble To Make My Livelihood'': Understanding the Incentives For, Needs Of, and Motivations Surrounding Open Educational Resources in Computing. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research V.1 (New York, NY, USA). ACM, 430-443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3568813.3600136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434780.3436688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ten Reasons for IT Educators to be Early Adopters of IT Innovations","volume":"7","author":"Gillard Sharlett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharlett Gillard, Denice Bailey, and Ernest Nolan. 2008. Ten Reasons for IT Educators to be Early Adopters of IT Innovations. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, Vol. 7, 1 (January 2008), 21-33. https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/p\/111369","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology Education: Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-10951-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Communications & Networking Symposium","author":"Hanna Dalia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dalia Hanna, Abdolreza Abhari, and Alexander Ferworn. 2017. Comparing quantitative and comment-based ratings for recommending open educational resources. In Proceedings of the 20th Communications & Networking Symposium (Virginia Beach, Virginia) (CNS '17). Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, CA, USA, Article 4, 10 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2","author":"Hugtenburg Stefan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stefan Hugtenburg and Andy Zaidman. 2022. First Impressions of Using Stack Overflow for Education in a Computer Science Bachelor Programme. In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2 (Providence, RI, USA) (SIGCSE 2022). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3478432.3499046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 2","author":"Ibeto Ifeoma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ifeoma Ibeto and Ouldooz Baghban Karimi. 2023. Effective Use of Open Educational Resources in Computer Science Education: A Query to Inform Open Textbook Development. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 2 (Turku, Finland) (ITiCSE 2023). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3587103.3594167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACMSE Conference - ACMSE 2022: The Annual ACM Southeast Conference. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 25-30","author":"Johnson Cynthia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cynthia Johnson, Yan Zong Ding, Sonal Dekhane, Wei Jin, Tacksoo Im, Hyesung Park, and Cynthia Johnson. 2022. Using an Open Source Textboo k in Programming Class: Exploring Student Perception and Performance. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACMSE Conference - ACMSE 2022: The Annual ACM Southeast Conference. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 25-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3476883.3520202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 207-212","author":"Jumayev Bayram Ashyrmyradovich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bayram Ashyrmyradovich Jumayev. 2024. Impacts of virtual tools on achieving course objectives in case of teaching engineering topics. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 207-212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3674912.3674926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2","author":"Ly Anna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anna Ly, Tingting Zhu, and Andrew Petersen. 2024. Evaluating Storytelling Videos Using YouTube Analytics. In Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2 (Portland, OR, USA) (SIGCSE 2024). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1730\u20131731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3626253.3635503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1145\/2536853.2536932","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia - MoMM '13","author":"Oyibo Kiemute","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kiemute Oyibo and Mohamed Hamada. 2013. A Framework for Instantiating Native Mobile Multimedia Learning Applications on Android Platform. In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia - MoMM '13 (New York, New York, USA). ACM Press, 589-593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2536853.2536932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/PROG-02-2016-0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-03788-7","article-title":"Investigate the Impact of Self-Efficacy and Intention on Student Utilization of Hybrid Learning Solutions Through the Lens of UTAUT","volume":"6","author":"Poh Racheal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Racheal Poh and Heng Wei Lee. 2025. Investigate the Impact of Self-Efficacy and Intention on Student Utilization of Hybrid Learning Solutions Through the Lens of UTAUT. SN Computer Science, Vol. 6, 3 (2025), 280.","journal-title":"SN Computer Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689187.3709614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 629-633","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Montoya Mar\u00eda Soledad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mar\u00eda Soledad Ram\u00edrez-Montoya and Gloria Concepci\u00f3n Tenorio-Sep\u00falveda. 2021. Expert Validation of e-Open for Assessing Open Education Competencies: An instrument designed within the framework of UNESCO recommendations. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 629-633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3486011.3486529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 25-31","author":"William","unstructured":"William P. Rey and Kristel Eunice R. Defensor. 2024. VirtualTechLab (VTL): Innovative Pedagogy for Integrating Virtual Labs into E-Learning for Computer Hardware Fundamentals. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 25-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3678392.3678399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Evaluating the Success of E-Learning Systems and Strategy Creation: The Perspective of Students in Universitas Indonesia. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 11-17","author":"Rosetta Alga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alga Rosetta, Meilia Agatha Priska, Erlinda Muslim, and Muhammad Rafi. 2020. Evaluating the Success of E-Learning Systems and Strategy Creation: The Perspective of Students in Universitas Indonesia. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ACM, 11-17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3439147.3439155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2014.2309554","article-title":"A semantically enriched context-aware OER recommendation strategy and its application to a computer science OER repository","volume":"57","author":"Ruiz-Iniesta Almudena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almudena Ruiz-Iniesta, Guillermo Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz, and Mercedes G\u00f3mez-Albarr\u00e1n. 2014. A semantically enriched context-aware OER recommendation strategy and its application to a computer science OER repository. IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 57, 4 (2014), 255-260.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-017-0534-z","article-title":"Information technology adoption: a review of the literature and classification","volume":"17","author":"Rad Maryam Salahshour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maryam Salahshour Rad, Mehrbakhsh Nilashi, and Halina Mohamed Dahlan. 2018. Information technology adoption: a review of the literature and classification. Universal Access in the Information Society, Vol. 17, 2 (2018), 361-390.","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"What do we know about Computing Education in Africa? A Systematic Review of Computing Education Research Literature. (3","author":"Sanusi Ismaila Temitayo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi and Fitsum Gizachew Deriba. 2024. What do we know about Computing Education in Africa? A Systematic Review of Computing Education Research Literature. (3 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers","author":"Schefer-Wenzl Sigrid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sigrid Schefer-Wenzl, Christoph Vogl, Sahani Peiris, and Igor Miladinovic. 2024. Exploring the Adoption of Generative AI Tools in Computer Science Education: A Student Survey. In Proceedings of the 2024 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers (New York, NY, USA). ACM, 173-178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3702163.3702188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","article-title":"Computer Science Fundamentals Open Educational Resource: A Video-Based Practice to Learning Programming *","volume":"37","author":"Servin Christian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christian Servin and Nadia Karichev. 2022. Computer Science Fundamentals Open Educational Resource: A Video-Based Practice to Learning Programming *. J. Comput. Sci. Coll., Vol. 37 (4 2022), 55-61. Issue 7.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"A review of evolution of theories and models of technology adoption. Indore management journal","author":"Sharma Rajesh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rajesh Sharma and Rajhans Mishra. 2014. A review of evolution of theories and models of technology adoption. Indore management journal, Vol. 6, 2 (2014), 17-29."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","volume":"24","author":"Sousa Lorena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lorena Sousa, Lu\u00eds Pedro, and Carlos Santos. 2023. A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews on Open Educational Resources: An Analysis of the Legal and Technical Openness. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, Vol. 24 (9 2023), 18-33. Issue 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v24i3.7196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 the 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, ICETC 2024. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 255-260","author":"Speiser Sebastian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sebastian Speiser. 2025. Composition of Open Educational Resources through Dynamic Linking of Modular Components. In Proceedings of the 2024 the 16th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers, ICETC 2024. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 255-260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3702163.3702423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3742441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on AI-enabled Education. 223-227","author":"Tan Yunsong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yunsong Tan. 2025. Research on Personalised Learning Resource Recommendation Method Based on Graph Convolution. In Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on AI-enabled Education. 223-227."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","volume":"23","author":"Tshukudu Ethel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ethel Tshukudu, Sue Sentance, Oluwatoyin Adelakun-Adeyemo, Brenda Nyaringita, Keith Quille, and Ziling Zhong. 2023. Investigating K-12 Computing Education in Four African Countries (Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda). ACM Transactions on Computing Education, Vol. 23 (3 2023), 1-29. Issue 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3554924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3717838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v19i4.3601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241229570"}],"event":{"name":"CompEd 2025: ACM Global Computing Education Conference 2025","location":"Gaborone Botswana","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Working Group Reports of the ACM Global Computing Education Conference 2025"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3815397.3815774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:07:46Z","timestamp":1784045266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3815397.3815774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3815397.3815774","10.1145\/3815397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3815397.3815774","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}