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Knowl. Discov. Data"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Explainable AI (XAI) refers to techniques that provide human-understandable insights into the workings of AI models. Recently, the focus of XAI has been extended toward explaining Large Language Models (LLMs). This extension calls for a significant transformation in the XAI methodologies for two reasons. First, many existing XAI methods cannot be directly applied to LLMs due to their complexity and advanced capabilities. Second, as LLMs are increasingly deployed in diverse applications, the role of XAI shifts from merely opening the \u201cblack box\u201d to actively enhancing the productivity and applicability of LLMs in real-world settings. Meanwhile, the conversation and generation abilities of LLMs can reciprocally enhance XAI. Therefore, in this article, we introduce Usable XAI in the context of LLMs by analyzing (1) how XAI can explain and improve LLM-based AI systems and (2) how XAI techniques can be improved by using LLMs. We introduce 10 strategies, introducing the key techniques for each and discussing their associated challenges. We also provide case studies to demonstrate how to obtain and leverage explanations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3816150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T14:24:55Z","timestamp":1779805495000},"page":"1-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Usable XAI: 10 Strategies Towards Exploiting Explainability in the LLM Era"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuansheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5358-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7776-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaochen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4192-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yucheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3442-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Masdar City, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8132-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4519-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenlin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1878-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jundong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengnan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ninghao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Josh Achiam Steven Adler Sandhini Agarwal Lama Ahmad Ilge Akkaya Florencia Leoni Aleman Diogo Almeida Janko Altenschmidt Sam Altman Shyamal Anadkat et al. 2023. 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