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Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large Language Models (LLMs) have already reshaped many aspects of traditional software engineering, from code generation and debugging to automated testing and maintenance. As an important research sub-domain in the software engineering area, quantum software engineering (QSE) is poised to undergo a similar transformation. As QSE moves toward broader adoption, including the generation of quantum code, program testing, and automated program repair, LLMs will likely play a key supporting role in its development. However, despite encouraging early attempts, the community still lacks a roadmap for using LLMs in QSE. Without such a roadmap, opportunities may be missed, challenges may remain unrevealed, and risks may be overlooked. In this article, we present our vision for how LLMs can advance QSE, focusing on four core tasks: program modeling and analysis, program generation, testing, and repair. We outline the opportunities and unique challenges, identify the risks inherent in this integration, and propose a research agenda to guide the community toward realizing the full potential of LLM-powered QSE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3828167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:02:23Z","timestamp":1784127743000},"page":"1-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Large Language Models for Quantum Software Engineering: Opportunities and Challenges in Modeling, Generation, Testing, and Repair"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6111-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8251-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6560-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2775-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangzhou","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4521-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8457-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiongfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2573-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, Joint Research Center for System Security, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, and Science City (Guangzhou) Digital Technology Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8083-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1145\/3528230.3529189","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Quantum Software Engineering","author":"Abreu Rui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rui Abreu, Jo\u00e3o Paulo Fernandes, Luis Llana, and Guilherme Tavares. 2022. 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