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Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AI is increasingly applied across software engineering, yet its explicit role in software architecture remains insufficiently understood. Architectural practices rely on complex tradeoffs, documentation, and long-term evolution, all of which are traditionally manual, error-prone, and difficult to sustain. To clarify how AI can address these challenges, we conducted a systematic literature review of 51 peer-reviewed primary studies and systematically mapped their contributions onto 17 practitioner-reported software architecture challenges derived from empirical interviews. This analysis identifies 14 topical areas where AI has been applied to architectural tasks and identifies six AI-specific challenges that expose fundamental gaps between current capabilities and practitioner needs. Building on these findings, we chart a research agenda for AI-driven software architecture organized around five strategic pillars. By grounding the roadmap in both systematic evidence and practitioner insights, this work provides the first peer-reviewed comprehensive synthesis of AI contributions to software architecture, establishes a foundation for future research, and outlines the conditions under which AI can become a trustworthy partner in architectural design, evaluation, and evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3828546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:10:48Z","timestamp":1783005048000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Support for Software Architecture Practice: A Systematic Review and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8027-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Bucaioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M\u00e4lardalen Universty, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5987-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Weyssow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3370-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junda","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2522-7348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunbo","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Architecture","author":"Abdullah Milad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milad Abdullah, Michal T\u00f6pfer, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Bure\u0161, Petr Hn\u011btynka, Martin Kruli\u0161, and Franti\u0161ek Pl\u00e1\u0161il. 2022. 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