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Communications of the ACM. 5(5). (Contains 13 papers on COBOL.)  ACM (1962) May. Communications of the ACM. 5(5). (Contains 13 papers on COBOL.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Air Materiel Command (1958) August 25. AIMACO Compiler The AIMACO Compiling System Manual. AF-WP-0-SEP 58 750. (Although not shown on the manual this presumably was issued by AMC at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio.) (This is for the UNIVAC 1105.)  Air Materiel Command (1958) August 25. AIMACO Compiler The AIMACO Compiling System Manual. AF-WP-0-SEP 58 750. (Although not shown on the manual this presumably was issued by AMC at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio.) (This is for the UNIVAC 1105.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Air Materiel Command (1959) June 30. The Air Materiel Command Compiler For Electronic Data-Processing Equipment (AIMACO). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio: Headquarters Air Materiel Command AMC Manual No. 171--2. (This is for the UNIVAC 1105.)  Air Materiel Command (1959) June 30. The Air Materiel Command Compiler For Electronic Data-Processing Equipment (AIMACO). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio: Headquarters Air Materiel Command AMC Manual No. 171--2. (This is for the UNIVAC 1105.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Anonymous (1960a). March. Editorial---The High Cost of Computer Babble. Management and Business Automation.  Anonymous (1960a). March. Editorial---The High Cost of Computer Babble. Management and Business Automation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Management and Business Automation Management and Business Automation Anonymous March COBOL---Common Language for Computers 22 24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"ANSI (formerly USAS) (1968) August 23. USA Standard COBOL. New York: American National Standards Institute; Sponsor: Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. USAS X3.23--1968.  ANSI (formerly USAS) (1968) August 23. USA Standard COBOL. New York: American National Standards Institute; Sponsor: Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. USAS X3.23--1968."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ANSI\n\n  \n   (1974) May 10. American National Standard Programming Language COBOL. New York: American National Standards Institute; Secretariat: Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. ANSI X3.23--1974. (Revision of X3.23--1968.)  ANSI (1974) May 10. American National Standard Programming Language COBOL. New York: American National Standards Institute; Secretariat: Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association. ANSI X3.23--1974. (Revision of X3.23--1968.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Minutes of Committee Meeting on Data Systems Languages held at Bureau of Standards June 23--24 Minutes of Committee Meeting on Data Systems Languages held at Bureau of Standards June 23--24 Asch"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Proceedings 1st International Conference on Information Processing UNESCO Paris Proceedings 1st International Conference on Information Processing UNESCO John W Backus The Syntax and Semantics of the Proposed International Algebraic Language of the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference 125 132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Bemer Robert W. (1960) March. Comment on COBOL. Management and Business Automation. p. 22.  Bemer Robert W. (1960) March. Comment on COBOL. Management and Business Automation. p. 22."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"A View of the History of COBOL","volume":"5","author":"Bemer Robert W","year":"1971","journal-title":"Honeywell Computer Journal."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Report on Meeting held at University of Pennsylvania Computing Center Report on Meeting held at University of Pennsylvania Computing Center I. E. Block 1959"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"February. COBOL and Compatibility","volume":"7","author":"Bromberg Howard","year":"1961","journal-title":"Datamation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Bromberg Howard et al. (1959) November 7. COBOL. (Specifications submitted by 6-person working group to Short-Range Committee.)  Bromberg Howard et al. (1959) November 7. COBOL. (Specifications submitted by 6-person working group to Short-Range Committee.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9779-1.50014-8","volume-title":"Annual Review of Automatic Programming","author":"Clippinger Richard F","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Clippinger Richard F. (1977) December 20. Letter to Jean Sammet. (Written as part of a review of a draft of this paper.)  Clippinger Richard F. (1977) December 20. Letter to Jean Sammet. (Written as part of a review of a draft of this paper.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"COBOL Manuals---See Department of Defense (all entries) and CODASYL (1969) March.  COBOL Manuals---See Department of Defense (all entries) and CODASYL (1969) March."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"CODASYL\n\n  \n   (1960) September 23. Updating and \"Freezing\" COBOL Specifications. (Fairly formal and important document but with no specific identification as to writer or issuer. Obviously prepared in connection with or by CODASYL Executive Committee.)  CODASYL (1960) September 23. Updating and \"Freezing\" COBOL Specifications. (Fairly formal and important document but with no specific identification as to writer or issuer. Obviously prepared in connection with or by CODASYL Executive Committee.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"CODASYL Special Task Group (1961) May 5. COBOL---1961 Revised Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. (Material submitted to CODASYL Executive Committee to be published as COBOL-61.)  CODASYL Special Task Group (1961) May 5. COBOL---1961 Revised Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. (Material submitted to CODASYL Executive Committee to be published as COBOL-61.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"CODASYL\n\n  \n   (1969) March. CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development    Ottawa Canada: Dept. of Defence Production. 110-GP-1.  CODASYL (1969) March. CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development 1968. Ottawa Canada: Dept. of Defence Production. 110-GP-1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"CODASYL---See also Department of Defense (all entries) Short-Range Committee (all entries) Phillips Charles (all entries) and Cunningham Joseph (1959).  CODASYL---See also Department of Defense (all entries) Short-Range Committee (all entries) Phillips Charles (all entries) and Cunningham Joseph (1959)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Cunningham Joseph F. (1959) June 4. The Problem of Specification of a Common Business Language for Automatic Digital Computers. (Report on CODASYL Steering Committee meeting held June 4 June 4 June 4 June 4 Cunningham Joseph F. (1959) June 4. The Problem of Specification of a Common Business Language for Automatic Digital Computers. (Report on CODASYL Steering Committee meeting held June 4 1959.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-009763-3.50014-X","volume-title":"Annual Review in Automatic Programming","author":"Agapeyeff A.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"DeJong John H. (1960) October. COBOL Computer Language of the Future. Data Processing. pp. 9--12.  DeJong John H. (1960) October. COBOL Computer Language of the Future. Data Processing. pp. 9--12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense (1960) April. COBOL Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1960 0-552133.  Department of Defense (1960) April. COBOL Initial Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1960 0-552133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense (1961). COBOL---1961 Revised Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1961 0-598941.  Department of Defense (1961). COBOL---1961 Revised Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1961 0-598941."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense (1962). COBOL---1961 EXTENDED Extended Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1962 0-668996.  Department of Defense (1962). COBOL---1961 EXTENDED Extended Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1962 0-668996."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense (1965). COBOL---Edition    Washington D.C.: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Off. #1965 0-795-689.  Department of Defense (1965). COBOL---Edition 1965. Washington D.C.: U.S. Gov. Print. Off. #1965 0-795-689."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Gaudette Charles H. (1959a). Draft Letter to Charles Phillips Chairman CODASYL Committee. {Gaudette was Minneapolis-Honeywell representative on the Short-Range Committee.}  Gaudette Charles H. (1959a). Draft Letter to Charles Phillips Chairman CODASYL Committee. {Gaudette was Minneapolis-Honeywell representative on the Short-Range Committee.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Gaudette Charles H. (1959b). Letter to Joseph Wegstein Chairman Short-Range Task Group {sic}. {Gaudette was Minneapolis-Honeywell representative on the Short-Range Committee.}  Gaudette Charles H. (1959b). Letter to Joseph Wegstein Chairman Short-Range Task Group {sic}. {Gaudette was Minneapolis-Honeywell representative on the Short-Range Committee.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Holberton Betty (1978) January 10. Letter to Jean Sammet. {Written as part of review of a draft of this paper.}  Holberton Betty (1978) January 10. Letter to Jean Sammet. {Written as part of review of a draft of this paper.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Honeywell (1959). The Honeywell-800 Business Compiler A Preliminary Description. Newton Highlands Massachusetts: Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company DATAmatic Division.  Honeywell (1959). The Honeywell-800 Business Compiler A Preliminary Description. Newton Highlands Massachusetts: Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company DATAmatic Division."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Hopper Grace M. (1955). January 31. Preliminary Definitions Data Processing Compiler. {Informal working paper with text description and flow charts and a sample program in English French and German.}  Hopper Grace M. (1955). January 31. Preliminary Definitions Data Processing Compiler. {Informal working paper with text description and flow charts and a sample program in English French and German.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Hopper Grace M. (1977). December 27. {Information in hand notes by Jean Sammet of telephone conversation between Hopper and Sammet.}  Hopper Grace M. (1977). December 27. {Information in hand notes by Jean Sammet of telephone conversation between Hopper and Sammet.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-009763-3.50015-1","volume-title":"Annual Review in Automatic Programming","author":"Humby E.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"IBM\n\n  \n   (1959). General Information Manual IBM Commercial Translator. New York: : : : F28--8013.  IBM (1959). General Information Manual IBM Commercial Translator. New York: IBM Corp. F28--8013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Jones John L. (1977) December. {Hand notes on a draft of this paper.}  Jones John L. (1977) December. {Hand notes on a draft of this paper.}"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"March","volume":"7","author":"Lanzarotta Santo A","year":"1961","journal-title":"The Editor's Readout. Datamation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Phillips Charles A. (1959a). Summary of Discussions at Conference on Automatic Programming of ADPS for Business-Type Applications The Pentagon May 28--29 May meeting.}  Phillips Charles A. (1959a). Summary of Discussions at Conference on Automatic Programming of ADPS for Business-Type Applications The Pentagon May 28--29 1959. {Issued by Phillips several months after May meeting.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Phillips C. A. (1959--1961) Minutes Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Conference on Data Systems Languages. {Note---Some are identified as \"Committee\" rather than \"Conference.\"} 1959 July 7; 1959 September 4; 1959 November 25; 1960 January 7--8; 1960 February 12; 1960 April 7; 1960 June 1; 1960 December 6; 1961 February 15; 1961 May 5; 1961 July 18.  Phillips C. A. (1959--1961) Minutes Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Conference on Data Systems Languages. {Note---Some are identified as \"Committee\" rather than \"Conference.\"} 1959 July 7; 1959 September 4; 1959 November 25; 1960 January 7--8; 1960 February 12; 1960 April 7; 1960 June 1; 1960 December 6; 1961 February 15; 1961 May 5; 1961 July 18."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Phillips Charles A. (1959b). Report from Committee on Data Systems Languages. (Oral presentation to Association for Computing Machinery Boston Massachusetts September 1 1959.)  Phillips Charles A. (1959b). Report from Committee on Data Systems Languages. (Oral presentation to Association for Computing Machinery Boston Massachusetts September 1 1959.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Milwaukee Wisconsin Milwaukee Charles A Phillips October A Common Language to Program Computers for Business Problems Second Report. Computers and Automation. (Based on talk given to Association for Computing Machinery 1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Phillips Charles A. (1960b) October 6. Memo to Members of the COBOL Special Task Force with Subject: Resolution of Manufacturers Group and Statement of R. F. Clippinger.  Phillips Charles A. (1960b) October 6. Memo to Members of the COBOL Special Task Force with Subject: Resolution of Manufacturers Group and Statement of R. F. Clippinger."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"RCA\n\n  \n   (1960a) May. RCA 501 COBOL Narrator Preliminary User's Manual. Cherry Hill New Jersey: Radio Corporation of America Electronic Data Processing Division. P 501--03.031.  RCA (1960a) May. RCA 501 COBOL Narrator Preliminary User's Manual. Cherry Hill New Jersey: Radio Corporation of America Electronic Data Processing Division. P 501--03.031."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"RCA\n\n  \n   (1960b) Dec. RCA 501 COBOL Narrator Programmer's Reference Manual. Cherry Hill New Jersy: Radio Corporation of America Electronic Data Processing Division. P 501--03.032.  RCA (1960b) Dec. RCA 501 COBOL Narrator Programmer's Reference Manual. Cherry Hill New Jersy: Radio Corporation of America Electronic Data Processing Division. P 501--03.032."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Remington-Rand Univac (1956) August 15. The B-&phis; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Company Confidential.}  Remington-Rand Univac (1956) August 15. The B-&phis; Compiler Working Manual. {This was clearly developed by Remington-Rand Univac but no identification appears on the document. Only the words \"Automatic Programming Development\" appear on the title page and it was then marked Company Confidential.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Remington-Rand Univac (1958). FLOW-MATIC Programming System. Philadelphia Pennsylvania: : : : Management Services and Operations Research Dept. U 1518.  Remington-Rand Univac (1958). FLOW-MATIC Programming System. Philadelphia Pennsylvania: Remington Rand Univac Management Services and Operations Research Dept. U 1518."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Remington-Rand Univac (1960) September. B-2 FLOW-MATIC Programming (Preliminary User's Reference Manual to Accompany COBOL Manual April Philadelphia Pennsylvania: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Research Automatic Programming.  Remington-Rand Univac (1960) September. B-2 FLOW-MATIC Programming (Preliminary User's Reference Manual to Accompany COBOL Manual April 1960) Second Edition. Philadelphia Pennsylvania: Sperry Rand Corporation Remington-Rand Univac Division Research Automatic Programming."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"June 24 1959 --24 June 24 1959 Jean E Sammet Report No N for Task Group on Statement Language (shown with N date of meeting and date of report). 1 1959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1959a) August 17 18. Points of Greatest Controversy within the Statement Language Task Group and Additional Points of Controversy.  Sammet Jean E. (1959a) August 17 18. Points of Greatest Controversy within the Statement Language Task Group and Additional Points of Controversy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1959b) August 26. Report Number 7---Statement Language Principles and Verbs.  Sammet Jean E. (1959b) August 26. Report Number 7---Statement Language Principles and Verbs."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Special Meeting of the Intermediate Range Committee of CODASYL. (Memo to Short-Range Committee.) Special Meeting of the Intermediate Range Committee of CODASYL. (Memo to Short-Range Committee.) Jean E Sammet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1959d). Hand notes for all meetings.  Sammet Jean E. (1959d). Hand notes for all meetings."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1960a) August. Technical Description of COBOL. (Paper presented orally at ACM Annual Conference Milwaukee Wisconsin.)  Sammet Jean E. (1960a) August. Technical Description of COBOL. (Paper presented orally at ACM Annual Conference Milwaukee Wisconsin.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1960b) September 7. Informal document.  Sammet Jean E. (1960b) September 7. Informal document."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"SHARE SHARE Jean E Sammet See 1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9779-1.50013-6","volume-title":"Annual Review in Automatic Programming","author":"Sammet Jean E","year":"1961"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"March","volume":"7","author":"Sammet Jean E","year":"1961","journal-title":"The Sylvania View---More Comments on COBOL. Datamation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Jean E. (1961c) September. A Definition of the COBOL-61 Procedure Division Using ALGOL 60 Metalinguistics. Summary in Preprints of 16th National Meeting of the ACM. Jean E. (1961c) September. A Definition of the COBOL-61 Procedure Division Using ALGOL 60 Metalinguistics. Summary in Preprints of 16th National Meeting of the ACM. Sammet 5B 51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Sammet Jean E. (1969). 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A Report to the Executive Committee of the Committee on Data Systems Languages by the Fact Finding and Short Range Language Committee. {Contains very early very preliminary specifications including \"notation\" = \"metalanguage.\"}  Short-Range Committee (1959b) September 4. A Report to the Executive Committee of the Committee on Data Systems Languages by the Fact Finding and Short Range Language Committee. {Contains very early very preliminary specifications including \"notation\" = \"metalanguage.\"}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Short-Range Committee (1959c) December. COBOL Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. {Technical reference manual submitted to CODASYL Executive Committee; eventually published as ; eventually published as ; eventually published as ; eventually published as Department of Defense 1960.}  Short-Range Committee (1959c) December. COBOL Specifications for a Common Business Oriented Language. {Technical reference manual submitted to CODASYL Executive Committee; eventually published as COBOL-60 after some editing and a few changes; see Department of Defense 1960.}"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Sperry Rand (see Remington-Rand Univac).  Sperry Rand (see Remington-Rand Univac)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Talmadge Richard (1960) September 16. (See SHARE Talmadge Richard (1960) September 16. (See SHARE 1960.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","unstructured":"USAS (See ANSI 1968).  USAS (See ANSI 1968)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","unstructured":"Wegstein Joseph H. (1959) November 20. {Letter to Charles Phillips transmitting final report of Short-Range Committee which is item identified as Short-Range Committee ( ( ( (December.}  Wegstein Joseph H. 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