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Furthermore, we discuss how to eliminate a remaining scalability bottleneck: Whereas garbage collection previously required a system-wide consensus, here we propose a flexible two-tier architecture and a protocol for migrating between tiers. We also discuss how the CRDT concept can be generalised, and its limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1773912.1773921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,27]],"date-time":"2010-04-27T12:45:25Z","timestamp":1272372325000},"page":"29-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Consistency without concurrency control in large, dynamic systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mihai","family":"Letia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon and LIP6"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Pregui\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITI \/ DI-FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt and LIP6"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/334598.334614"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503112.503113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294261.1294281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564585.564601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132863.1132867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The maintenance of duplicate databases. 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Rapport de recherche RR-6320, Institut Nat. de la Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA) , Rocquencourt , France , Oct. 2007 . Shapiro, M., and Pregui\u00e7a, N. Designing a commutative replicated data type. Rapport de recherche RR-6320, Institut Nat. de la Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (INRIA), Rocquencourt, France, Oct. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.236608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2009.75"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1773912.1773921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1773912.1773921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T11:39:27Z","timestamp":1750246767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1773912.1773921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1773912.1773921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1773912.1773921","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5980"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5980"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-04-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}