{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:18:09Z","timestamp":1750306689518,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/82606\/2011","NORTE-07-124-FEDER-000062.","FEDER\/ON2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/82606\/2011","NORTE-07-124-FEDER-000062.","FEDER\/ON2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0352\/13-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0352\/13-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGPLAN Not."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the large number of optimizations provided in modern compilers and to compiler optimization specific opportunities, a Design Space Exploration (DSE) is necessary to search for the best sequence of compiler optimizations for a given code fragment (e.g., function). As this exploration is a complex and time consuming task, in this paper we present DSE strategies to select optimization sequences to both improve the performance of each function and reduce the exploration time. The DSE is based on a clustering approach which groups functions with similarities and then explore the reduced search space provided by the optimizations previously suggested for the functions in each group. The identification of similarities between functions uses a data mining method which is applied to a symbolic code representation of the source code. The DSE process uses the reduced set identified by clustering in two ways: as the design space or as the initial configuration. In both ways, the adoption of a pre-selection based on clustering allows the use of simple and fast DSE algorithms. Our experiments for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed approach address the exploration of compiler optimization sequences considering 49 compilation passes and targeting a Xilinx MicroBlaze processor, and were performed aiming performance improvements for 41 functions. Experimental results reveal that the use of our new clustering-based DSE approach achieved a significant reduction on the total exploration time of the search space (18x over a Genetic Algorithm approach for DSE) at the same time that important performance speedups (43% over the baseline) were obtained by the optimized codes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2666357.2597821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T19:12:56Z","timestamp":1409944376000},"page":"63-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploration of compiler optimization sequences using clustering-based selection"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Luiz G.A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia, Uberl\u00e2ndia, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto &amp; INESC-TEC, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandre C.B.","family":"Delbem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.P.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto &amp; INESC-TEC, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2384616.2384628"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/997163.997196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1356058.1356080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL.2010.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ReConFig.2011.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4894-5","volume-title":"Compilation and Synthesis for Embedded Reconfigurable Systems: An Aspect-Oriented Approach","author":"Cardoso J. M. P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. M. P. Cardoso , Compilation and Synthesis for Embedded Reconfigurable Systems: An Aspect-Oriented Approach . Springer , 2013 . J. M. P. Cardoso et al., Compilation and Synthesis for Embedded Reconfigurable Systems: An Aspect-Oriented Approach. Springer, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"\"ACE CoSy Compiler Development System\" Available: http:\/\/www.ace.nl\/compiler\/cosy.html (accessed in 18\/10\/2012).  \"ACE CoSy Compiler Development System\" Available: http:\/\/www.ace.nl\/compiler\/cosy.html (accessed in 18\/10\/2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2162049.2162071"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2005.844059"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Inferring phylogenies","author":"Felsenstein J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"J. Felsenstein , Inferring phylogenies . Sinauer Associates, Inc , 2003 . J. Felsenstein, Inferring phylogenies. Sinauer Associates, Inc, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Optimization and Machine Learning","author":"Goldberg D. E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"D. E. Goldberg , \"Genetic Algorithms in Search , Optimization and Machine Learning \", 1 st ed., Addison-Wesley Longman , 1989 . D. E. Goldberg, \"Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning\", 1st ed., Addison-Wesley Longman, 1989.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM.2013.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/261084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199206650.001.0001","volume-title":"Networks: An Introduction","author":"Newman M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Newman , Networks: An Introduction . Oxford Univ. Press , 2010 . M. Newman, Networks: An Introduction. Oxford Univ. Press, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Texas Instruments \"TMS320C64x Image\/Video Processing Library\" 2003.  Texas Instruments \"TMS320C64x Image\/Video Processing Library\" 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Programmer's Reference","author":"Library DSP","year":"2003","unstructured":"Texas Instruments, \"TMS320C64x DSP Library : Programmer's Reference \", 2003 . Texas Instruments, \"TMS320C64x DSP Library: Programmer's Reference\", 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1128020.1128563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGO.2007.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2451512.2451539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1749603.1749604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-006-7954-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology - Computer Engineering and Networks Lab. (technical report), 21 pages","author":"Zitzler E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"E. Zitzler and M. Laumanns and L. Thiele , \" SPEA2: Improving the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm \", Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology - Computer Engineering and Networks Lab. (technical report), 21 pages , 2001 . E. Zitzler and M. Laumanns and L. Thiele, \"SPEA2: Improving the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm\", Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology - Computer Engineering and Networks Lab. (technical report), 21 pages, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1755888.1755903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1621607.1621611"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Models, and Simulations (SAMOS'10)","author":"Meeuws R. J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. J. Meeuws , C. Galuzzi and K. L. M. Bertels , \"High Level Quantitative Hardware Prediction Modeling using Statistical methods\" , Int. Conf. on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Models, and Simulations (SAMOS'10) , pp. 140 -- 149 , 2011 . R. J. Meeuws, C. Galuzzi and K. L. M. Bertels, \"High Level Quantitative Hardware Prediction Modeling using Statistical methods\", Int. Conf. on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Models, and Simulations (SAMOS'10), pp.140--149, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1167473.1167492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2190025.2190072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45318-0","volume-title":"Network Calculus: A Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet","author":"Le Boudec J. Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. Y. Le Boudec and P. Thiran , \" Network Calculus: A Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet \", Springer-Verlag , 2001 . J. Y. Le Boudec and P. Thiran, \"Network Calculus: A Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet\", Springer-Verlag, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Bottom-up performance analysis of HW\/SW platforms\", Design and Analysis of Distributed Embedded Systems (DIPES'02)","author":"Richter K.","year":"2002","unstructured":"K. Richter , , \" Bottom-up performance analysis of HW\/SW platforms\", Design and Analysis of Distributed Embedded Systems (DIPES'02) , pp. 173 -- 183 , IFIP , vol. 91 , 2002 . K. Richter, et al., \"Bottom-up performance analysis of HW\/SW platforms\", Design and Analysis of Distributed Embedded Systems (DIPES'02), pp.173--183, IFIP, vol. 91, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062261.1062293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGO.2006.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1353445.1353451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-010-0161-2"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGPLAN Notices"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2666357.2597821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2666357.2597821","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:01:28Z","timestamp":1750230088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2666357.2597821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2666357.2597821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2666357.2597821","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2597809.2597821","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0362-1340","1558-1160"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0362-1340"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-1160"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}