{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:02:16Z","timestamp":1768071736677,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was partially supported by national funds through the Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia award number(s): PhD grant","award":["PD\/BD\/114428\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/114428\/2016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1942902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1942902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"This work was supported in part by the CONIX Research Center, one of six centers in JUMP, a Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) program sponsored by DARPA.","award":["2018-JU-2779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-JU-2779"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3386901.3388915","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T01:27:30Z","timestamp":1591493250000},"page":"247-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A cloud-optimized link layer for low-power wide-area networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Balanuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Swarun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"LoRa Alliance. 2015. LoRaWAN What is it? - A Technical Overview of LoRa and LoRaWAN LoRa Alliance. https:\/\/www.tuv.com\/media\/corporate\/products_1\/electronic_components_and_lasers\/TUeV_Rheinland_Overview_LoRa_and_LoRaWANtmp.pdf. [Online; accessed Dec-2019].  LoRa Alliance. 2015. LoRaWAN What is it? - A Technical Overview of LoRa and LoRaWAN LoRa Alliance. https:\/\/www.tuv.com\/media\/corporate\/products_1\/electronic_components_and_lasers\/TUeV_Rheinland_Overview_LoRa_and_LoRaWANtmp.pdf. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Vodafone Business IoT Deployments. https:\/\/about.att.com\/story\/2019\/att_vodafone_business.html. [Online","author":"T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"AT& T. 2019. AT&T , Vodafone Business IoT Deployments. https:\/\/about.att.com\/story\/2019\/att_vodafone_business.html. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. AT&T. 2019. AT&T, Vodafone Business IoT Deployments. https:\/\/about.att.com\/story\/2019\/att_vodafone_business.html. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Kuipers","author":"Blenn Norbert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Norbert Blenn and Fernando A . Kuipers . 2017 . LoRaWAN in the Wild : Measurements from The Things Network. CoRR abs\/1706.03086 (2017). arXiv:1706.03086 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.03086 Norbert Blenn and Fernando A. Kuipers. 2017. LoRaWAN in the Wild: Measurements from The Things Network. CoRR abs\/1706.03086 (2017). arXiv:1706.03086 http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.03086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7721743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonglong Chen and Wei Dong. 2019. Exploiting Rateless Codes and Cross-Layer Optimization for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks. (2019).  Gonglong Chen and Wei Dong. 2019. Exploiting Rateless Codes and Cross-Layer Optimization for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks. (2019).","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS49365.2020.9212919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"open-source LoRaWAN\u00ae Network Server stack. https:\/\/www.chirpstack.io\/. [Online","year":"2019","unstructured":"ChirpStack. 2019. ChirpStack , open-source LoRaWAN\u00ae Network Server stack. https:\/\/www.chirpstack.io\/. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. ChirpStack. 2019. ChirpStack, open-source LoRaWAN\u00ae Network Server stack. https:\/\/www.chirpstack.io\/. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/machineq.com\/. [Online","author":"Q.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comcast. 2019. Machine Q. https:\/\/machineq.com\/. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. Comcast. 2019. MachineQ. https:\/\/machineq.com\/. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN.2018.00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2476349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1098918.1098930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Towards Energy-Fairness in LoRa Networks. In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 788--798","author":"Gao Weifeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weifeng Gao , Wan Du , Zhiwei Zhao , Geyong Min , and Mukesh Singhal . 2019 . Towards Energy-Fairness in LoRa Networks. In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 788--798 . Weifeng Gao, Wan Du, Zhiwei Zhao, Geyong Min, and Mukesh Singhal. 2019. Towards Energy-Fairness in LoRa Networks. In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 788--798."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"3GPP Low Power Wide Area Technologies. GSMA White Paper","author":"Grant Svetlana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Svetlana Grant . 2016. 3GPP Low Power Wide Area Technologies. GSMA White Paper ( 2016 ). Svetlana Grant. 2016. 3GPP Low Power Wide Area Technologies. GSMA White Paper (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04651-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Hessar Mehrdad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehrdad Hessar , Ali Najafi , and Shyamnath Gollakota . 2019 . Netscatter: Enabling Large-scale Backscatter Networks . In Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ( Boston, MA, USA) (NSDI'19). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 271--283. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=3323234.3323258 Mehrdad Hessar, Ali Najafi, and Shyamnath Gollakota. 2019. Netscatter: Enabling Large-scale Backscatter Networks. In Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (Boston, MA, USA) (NSDI'19). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 271--283. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=3323234.3323258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-V.41\/en. accessed on","author":"ITU-T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"ITU-T. [n.d.]. ITU-T Recommendation V.41. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-V.41\/en. accessed on Oct 09, 2019 . ITU-T. [n.d.]. ITU-T Recommendation V.41. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-V.41\/en. accessed on Oct 09, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1282380.1282426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference 1","author":"Knight Matthew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matthew Knight and Balint Seeber . 2016 . Decoding LoRa: Realizing a Modern LPWAN with SDR . Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference 1 , 1 (2016). https:\/\/pubs.gnuradio.org\/index.php\/grcon\/article\/view\/8 Matthew Knight and Balint Seeber. 2016. Decoding LoRa: Realizing a Modern LPWAN with SDR. Proceedings of the GNU Radio Conference 1, 1 (2016). https:\/\/pubs.gnuradio.org\/index.php\/grcon\/article\/view\/8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries. Springer, 45--56","author":"Lawrence Piers W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piers W Lawrence , Trisha M Phippard , Gowri Sankar Ramachandran , and Danny Hughes . 2017 . Developing the IoT to support the health sector: A case study from kikwit, DR congo . In International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries. Springer, 45--56 . Piers W Lawrence, Trisha M Phippard, Gowri Sankar Ramachandran, and Danny Hughes. 2017. Developing the IoT to support the health sector: A case study from kikwit, DR congo. In International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Developing Countries. Springer, 45--56."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Information theory, inference and learning algorithms","author":"MacKay David JC","unstructured":"David JC MacKay and David JC Mac Kay . 2003. Information theory, inference and learning algorithms . Cambridge university press . David JC MacKay and David JC Mac Kay. 2003. Information theory, inference and learning algorithms. Cambridge university press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE\/ACM Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI). 97--108","author":"Marcelis P. J.","unstructured":"P. J. Marcelis , V. S. Rao , and R. V. Prasad . 2017. DaRe: Data Recovery through Application Layer Coding for LoRaWAN . In 2017 IEEE\/ACM Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI). 97--108 . P. J. Marcelis, V. S. Rao, and R. V. Prasad. 2017. DaRe: Data Recovery through Application Layer Coding for LoRaWAN. In 2017 IEEE\/ACM Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI). 97--108."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-006-9854-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMICT.2016.7498898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2016.7794569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8254800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IoTDI.2018.00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"NB-IoT system for M2M communication. In 2016 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference","author":"Ratasuk Rapeepat","unstructured":"Rapeepat Ratasuk , Benny Vejlgaard , Nitin Mangalvedhe , and Amitava Ghosh . 2016. NB-IoT system for M2M communication. In 2016 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference . IEEE , 1--5. Rapeepat Ratasuk, Benny Vejlgaard, Nitin Mangalvedhe, and Amitava Ghosh. 2016. NB-IoT system for M2M communication. In 2016 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference. IEEE, 1--5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Agricultural IoT Promises to Reshape Farming. https:\/\/www.rcrwireless.com\/20151111\/internet-of-things\/agricultural-internet-of-things-promises-to-reshape-farming-tag15. [Online","author":"Wireless News RCR","year":"2019","unstructured":"RCR Wireless News . 2015. Agricultural IoT Promises to Reshape Farming. https:\/\/www.rcrwireless.com\/20151111\/internet-of-things\/agricultural-internet-of-things-promises-to-reshape-farming-tag15. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. RCR Wireless News. 2015. Agricultural IoT Promises to Reshape Farming. https:\/\/www.rcrwireless.com\/20151111\/internet-of-things\/agricultural-internet-of-things-promises-to-reshape-farming-tag15. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Comcast Aims to Layer LoRa Into XB6 Gateway. https:\/\/www.lightreading.com\/iot\/iot-strategies\/comcast-aims-to-layer-lora-into-xb6-gateway\/d\/d-id\/736347. [Online","author":"Reading Light","year":"2019","unstructured":"Light Reading . 2017. Comcast Aims to Layer LoRa Into XB6 Gateway. https:\/\/www.lightreading.com\/iot\/iot-strategies\/comcast-aims-to-layer-lora-into-xb6-gateway\/d\/d-id\/736347. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. Light Reading. 2017. Comcast Aims to Layer LoRa Into XB6 Gateway. https:\/\/www.lightreading.com\/iot\/iot-strategies\/comcast-aims-to-layer-lora-into-xb6-gateway\/d\/d-id\/736347. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCVT.2016.7797659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Semtech. [n.d.]. SX1272\/3\/6\/7\/8: LoRa Modem Designer's Guide.  Semtech. [n.d.]. SX1272\/3\/6\/7\/8: LoRa Modem Designer's Guide."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Semtech. October 2019. Corecell Reference Design for Gateway Applications Based on SX1302 and SX1250. https:\/\/www.semtech.com\/products\/wireless-rf\/lora-gateways  Semtech. October 2019. Corecell Reference Design for Gateway Applications Based on SX1302 and SX1250. https:\/\/www.semtech.com\/products\/wireless-rf\/lora-gateways"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Lin Shu and Daniel J Costello. 2004. Error control coding. 704--712 pages.  Lin Shu and Daniel J Costello. 2004. Error control coding. 704--712 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45708-9_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.weightless.org\/about\/weightless-specification. [Online","author":"Weightless Specification Weightless SIG.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weightless SIG. 2015. Weightless Specification . http:\/\/www.weightless.org\/about\/weightless-specification. [Online ; accessed Dec- 2019 ]. Weightless SIG. 2015. Weightless Specification. http:\/\/www.weightless.org\/about\/weightless-specification. [Online; accessed Dec-2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1287853.1287871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3356250.3360024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2630696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Nov. 14th 25","author":"Zuniga Juan Carlos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Juan Carlos Zuniga and Benoit Ponsard . 2016. Sigfox System Description. LPWAN-IETF97 , Nov. 14th 25 ( 2016 ). Juan Carlos Zuniga and Benoit Ponsard. 2016. Sigfox System Description. LPWAN-IETF97, Nov. 14th 25 (2016)."}],"event":{"name":"MobiSys '20: The 18th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","location":"Toronto Ontario Canada","acronym":"MobiSys '20","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386901.3388915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386901.3388915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3386901.3388915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:33:26Z","timestamp":1750199606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3386901.3388915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3386901.3388915","10.1145\/3386901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3386901.3388915","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}