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Herit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Portuguese General Directorate for Book, Archives and Libraries (DGLAB) has selected CIDOC CRM as the basis for its next-generation digital archive management software. Given the ontological foundations of the Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), a graph database or a triplestore was seen as the best candidate to represent a CRM-based data model for the new software. We thus decided to compare several of these databases, based on their maturity, features, performance in standard tasks and, most importantly, the Object-Graph Mappers (OGM) available to interact with each database in an object-oriented way. Our conclusions are drawn not only from a systematic review of related works but from an experimental scenario. For our experiment, we designed a simple CRM-compliant graph designed to test the ability of each OGM\/database combination to tackle the so-called \u201cdiamond-problem\u201d in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) to ensure that property instances follow domain and range constraints.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\u00a0\u00a0Our results show that (1) ontological consistency enforcement in graph databases and triplestores is much harder to achieve than in a relational database, making them more suited to an analytical rather than a transactional role; (2) OGMs are still rather immature solutions; and (3) neomodel, an OGM for the Neo4j graph database, is the most mature solution in the study as it satisfies all requirements, although it is also the least performing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3485847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T20:26:37Z","timestamp":1645215997000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An Evaluation of Graph Databases and Object-Graph Mappers in CIDOC CRM-Compliant Digital Archives"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1zaro","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Rocha","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2013","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Type of NOSQL databases and its comparison with relational databases.","volume":"5","author":"Ameya Nayak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nayak Ameya, Poriya Anil, and Poojary Dikshay. 2013. 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