{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:26:59Z","timestamp":1779323219252,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An ideal robot could autonomously complete diverse tasks such as ocean surveying, kitchen cleaning, and aerial environmental monitoring. However, robots optimized for each task typically have different shapes, posing a challenge in reconciling form and function. This challenge inspires the pursuit of general shape-changing robots (GSCRs). While soft materials and actuators are promising for GSCRs due to their ability to accommodate extreme deformations, there is a gap between the vision of GSCRs and the simple examples we see today. Two critical components are needed: robot-agnostic stretchable shape sensing and stretchable computing. Together, these components would enable closed-loop shape control and the first instantiations of GSCRs. This review aims to consolidate the literature on these components, encouraging researchers to bridge the gap between today's shape-changing robots and the envisioned GSCRs, ultimately advancing the field toward more versatile and adaptive robots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-030123-013355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T18:00:46Z","timestamp":1730311246000},"page":"1-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stretchable Shape Sensing and Computation for General Shape-Changing Robots"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Woodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; email:\u00a0rebecca.kramer@yale.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kramer-Bottiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; email:\u00a0rebecca.kramer@yale.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002882","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002882","article-title":"Shape changing robots: bioinspiration, simulation, and physical realization","volume":"33","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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