{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:53:53Z","timestamp":1776207233352,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Environmental intelligence brings together synergies among environmental science, advanced sensor research, data science, robotics, and artificial intelligence to enable a better understanding of the natural environment and effective coordination of the responses to the associated challenges. Environmental intelligence is a particularly relevant application field for the new trend of ecorobotics research, in which robots are envisioned as environmentally responsible, energy-efficient, bioinspired machines capable of adapting and safely interacting within natural ecosystems. By incorporating an ecological approach to robot design, innovative fabrication technologies, biodegradable materials, distributed architectures for sensing and intelligence, new power sources, and energy-harvesting solutions, ecorobots offer practical solutions for in-depth analysis of natural processes. This increases environmental knowledge and supports sustainable strategies to safeguard the environment. This article reviews the field of environmental intelligence with a focus on the roles, features, and abilities of ecorobots and provides future perspectives toward environmental sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-030123-014212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T14:20:47Z","timestamp":1746454847000},"page":"25-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Environmental Intelligence and Ecorobotics: Toward Environmental Sustainability"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Mazzolai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; email: barbara.mazzolai@iit.it, laura.margheri@iit.it"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Laschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Soft Robotics Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore; email: mpeclc@nus.edu.sg"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Margheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Bioinspired Soft Robotics Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; email: barbara.mazzolai@iit.it, laura.margheri@iit.it"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"The global risks report 2024: 19th edition","year":"2024"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Vision and blueprint for environmental intelligence in Europe I","year":"2021"},{"key":"B3","article-title":"What is environmental intelligence?","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foresight"},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0535:LRIEAO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Landsat's role in ecological applications of remote sensing","volume":"54","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-007-0317-8","article-title":"Estimating the relative abundance of emperor penguins at inaccessible colonies using satellite imagery","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021EF002123","DOI":"10.1029\/2021EF002123","article-title":"The digital forest: mapping a decade of knowledge on technological applications for forest ecosystems","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth's Future"},{"issue":"12","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122297","article-title":"Adjudicating perspectives on forest structure: How do airborne, terrestrial, and mobile lidar-derived estimates compare?","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-21-473-2024","article-title":"Reviews and syntheses: remotely sensed optical time series for monitoring vegetation productivity","volume":"21","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2010.07.003","article-title":"Integrating remote sensing in Natura 2000 habitat monitoring: prospects on the way forward","volume":"19","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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