{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:48:21Z","timestamp":1783439301186,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annu. Rev. Control Robot. Auton. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The air transportation system connects the world through the transport of goods and people. However, operational inefficiencies such as flight delays and cancellations are prevalent, resulting in economic and environmental impacts. In the first part of this article, we review recent advances in using network analysis techniques to model the interdependencies observed in the air transportation system and to understand the role of airports in connecting populations, serving air traffic demand, and spreading delays. In the second part, we present some of our recent work on using operational data to build dynamical system models of air traffic delay networks. We show that Markov jump linear system models capture many of the salient characteristics of these networked systems. We illustrate how these models can be validated and then used to analyze system properties such as stability and to design optimal control strategies that limit the propagation of disruptions in air traffic networks. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-070720-080844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T20:11:23Z","timestamp":1612383083000},"page":"397-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Control and Optimization of Air Traffic Networks"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Karthik","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamsa","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Economic performance of the airline industry: 2019 end-year report","author":"Int. Air Transp. Assoc","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Total delay impact study: a comprehensive assessment of the costs and impacts of flight delay in the United States","author":"Ball M","year":"2010"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Your flight has been delayed again: flight delays cost passengers, airlines, and the US economy billions","author":"Joint Econ Comm. Major. Staff","year":"2008"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/atcq.13.1.1"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Shaping the future of airline disruption management (IROPS)","author":"Gershkoff I.","year":"2016"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2009.02.004"},{"key":"B7","author":"Madhani A","year":"2014","journal-title":"USA Today"},{"key":"B8","author":"Wattles J","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNN"},{"key":"B9","author":"Isidore C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNN"},{"key":"B10","author":"Bur. Transp. Stat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Airline on-time statistics and delay causes. Bureau of Transportation Statistics"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2016.04.019"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2016.08.012"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"All-causes delay and cancellations to air transport in Europe: annual report for 2019","author":"Cent. Off. Delay Anal","year":"2020"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.066133"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009094108"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2982521"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.025103"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2004.02.029"},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Internet Measurement: Infrastructure, Traffic and Applications","author":"Crovella M","year":"2006"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.73.026130"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2009-00090-x"},{"key":"B22","volume-title":"Statistical inference for propagation processes on complex networks","author":"Manitz J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2013-01711-9"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2012.6314649"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2284913"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2014.05.011"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040961"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184819"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2007-6553"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1100.0869"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"168","volume":"114","author":"Jacquillat A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. A"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.46.3.406"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twelfth USA\/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar","author":"Balakrishnan H","year":"2017"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24522"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-013-0070-1"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.20123"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Combinatorial Auctions","author":"Ball M","year":"2006"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.37.4.368.23276"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Ball M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handb. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2010.08.012"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2014.03.003"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2016.05.003"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407994102"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2015.09.011"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjst\/e2013-01712-8"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"77","volume":"81","author":"Jani\u0107 M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. A"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2005.10.009"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/324133.324140"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.laa.2012.10.022"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100338"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2016.7525502"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2014-2712"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.05.014"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2017.06.005"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010304"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2833452"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2014.04.007"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2007.05.001"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45179-2_66"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45006-8_9"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aml.2007.01.006"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1972.9989806"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00060-2"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1972.9989806"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2011.05.017"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01159"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2005)131:4(249)"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"168","volume":"114","author":"Jacquillat A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. A"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.D0017"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2009.5400462"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2016.7777956"},{"key":"B72","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USA\/FAA Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar 2005","author":"Xu N","year":"2005"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2016.7778092"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA9623"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2366980"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2018.2878504"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2015.7170991"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2016.7798654"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmaa.1993.1341"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b138575"},{"key":"B81","volume-title":"Switching in Systems and Control","author":"Liberzon D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.2911"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2015.2495000"},{"key":"B84","first-page":"2199","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2000 American Control Conference","volume":"3","author":"Xiao L","year":"2000"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2008.11.005"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twelfth USA\/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar","author":"Gopalakrishnan K","year":"2017"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMSAP45676.2019.9022650"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/37.793443"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2008.2012009"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.109637"},{"key":"B91","volume-title":"Stochastic Switching Systems: Analysis and Design","author":"Boukas EK.","year":"2007"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.02.016"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2016.06.026"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(69)90060-0"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2006.02.007"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2019.108638"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2017.8264639"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCIS.2014.066356"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1110.0376"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2015.7402874"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2015.05.006"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCIS.2016.075868"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19540"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins NJ, Nowzari C, Pappas GJ. 2017. Inference, prediction, and control of networked epidemics. arXiv:1703.07409 [math.OC]","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.2017.7963828"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20080706-5-KR-1001.01360"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2005.04.017"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(98)00202-7"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71493-4_11"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1239(199906)9:7<381::AID-RNC409>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(02)00017-1"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2015.7259973"}],"container-title":["Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1146\/annurev-control-070720-080844","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T10:30:37Z","timestamp":1633689037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/10.1146\/annurev-control-070720-080844"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1146\/annurev-control-070720-080844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-control-070720-080844","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-5144","2573-5144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-5144","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-5144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]}}}