{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:33:51Z","timestamp":1793871231152,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":232,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has applied significant evolutionary pressure to the mammalian immune system and remains a global economic and human health burden. Upon infection, type 2 immune sentinels activate a common antihelminth response that mobilizes and remodels the intestinal tissue for effector function; however, there is growing appreciation of the impact GIN infection also has on the distal tissue immune state. Indeed, this effect is observed even in tissues through which GINs never transit. This review highlights how GIN infection modulates systemic immunity through (<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>) induction of host resistance and tolerance responses, (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>) secretion of immunomodulatory products, and (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>) interaction with the intestinal microbiome. It also discusses the direct consequences that changes to distal tissue immunity can have for concurrent and subsequent infection, chronic noncommunicable diseases, and vaccination efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-090222-101331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T17:39:52Z","timestamp":1706290792000},"page":"259-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Darshan N.","family":"Kasal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email: jmoltke@uw.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey M.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email: jmoltke@uw.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astra S.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia","family":"Tait Wojno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email: jmoltke@uw.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"von Moltke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; email: jmoltke@uw.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010","volume":"7","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"10","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.07.014","article-title":"Immune regulation of metabolic homeostasis by helminths and their molecules","volume":"35","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02132","article-title":"Nematode-infected mice acquire resistance to subsequent infection with unrelated nematode by inducing highly responsive group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the lung","volume":"9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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