{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T08:35:29Z","timestamp":1782030929112,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annu. Rev. Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The health benefits of green space are well known, but the health effects of green infrastructure less so. Green infrastructure goes well beyond the presence of green space and refers more to a strategically planned network of natural and seminatural areas, with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and possibly to improve human health. In this narrative review, we found that small green infrastructure, such as green roofs and walls, has the potential to mitigate urban flooding, attenuate indoor temperatures and heat islands, improve air quality, and muffle noise, among other benefits, but these effects have not been linked directly to health. Larger green infrastructure has been associated with reduced temperatures, air pollution, and crimes and violence, but less so with health, although some evidence suggests that it may be beneficial for health (e.g., good health, decreased mortality). Finally, parks and street trees show many health benefits, but it is not clear if they can always be considered green infrastructure. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-090419-102511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T01:24:26Z","timestamp":1607995466000},"page":"317-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Green Infrastructure and Health"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain;"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain"},{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070771"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.09.009"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"12","volume":"20","author":"Benedict MA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Renew. 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