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Although the principal thrust of the research has been toward the mitigation of injuries sustained by automotive crash victims, the results of this research have applications in aircraft safety, contact sports, and protection of military personnel and civilians from intentional injury, such as in the use of nonlethal weapons. The reader should be keenly aware of the wide variation in human response and tolerance data in the cited results. This is due primarily to the large biological variation among humans and to the effects of aging. Average values are useful in design but cannot be applied to individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:49:00Z","timestamp":1027770540000},"page":"55-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Fundamentals of Impact Biomechanics: Part I - Biomechanics of the Head, Neck, and Thorax"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Albert I.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"b1","unstructured":"Yamada H. 1970. InStrength of Biological Materials, ed. FG Evans. 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