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The interaction between HTLV-I\u2013infected cells with dysregulated function and different kinds of cells in the host, such as lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells through viral peptides, antigen receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokines, appears to be one of the basic mechanisms underlying the development of HTLV-I\u2013associated diseases. This interaction may play a major role in determining tumorigenicity and in forming clinical features of the diseases. The in vivo cell proliferation model of HTLV-I\u2013infected cells using severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice can differentiate tumorigenicity from cell immortalization in vitro. The OX40 and its ligand gp34, which are induced by HTLV-I infection and directly mediate the adhesion between HTLV-I\u2013infected T cells and vascular endothelial cells, may be critically involved in the localization and proliferation of HTLV-I\u2013infected cells in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T07:43:28Z","timestamp":1027755808000},"page":"15-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPE I (HTLV-I) AND HUMAN DISEASES"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V50.3.481.481"},{"key":"b2","unstructured":"Takatsuki K, Uchiyama T, Sagawa K, Yodoi J. 1977.\n                      Adult T cell leukemia in Japan.\n                      In\n                      Topics in Hematology\n                      , ed. 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