{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:54Z","timestamp":1773792054104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annu. Rev. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> \u25aa Abstract\u2002 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of morbidity among older men. Primary care physicians need to develop expertise in its management. The causes of BPH are unknown; aging and the presence of male androgens are the dominant risk factors. Obtaining a medical history is a key step in assessing whether lower urinary tract symptoms are due to BPH or to some other process. A reliable and valid seven-item questionnaire has been developed to objectively assess symptom severity. A focused physical examination including a digital rectal exam should be performed, as well as a urinalysis and serum creatinine. Optional tests include uroflowmetry, post-void residual urine, and prostate-specific antigen measurements. BPH is treated primarily to improve the quality, rather than increase the quantity, of life. Optimal decisions about treatment are best made by a clinician and an informed patient working together. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.48.1.177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:45:04Z","timestamp":1027770304000},"page":"177-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Barry, MD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Division, Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street\u20149th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Roehrborn, MD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-9110;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"b1","unstructured":"McConnell JD, Barry MJ, Bruskewitz RC, et al. 1994. 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