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The application of porcine hepatocytes in humans to carry out biotransformation, as well as other metabolic functions and refinement of the membrane separator, have yielded some promising results in supporting patients with acute liver failure. Further advances will need to be made before these bioartificial devices can be considered for routine application in clinical settings. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.85","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:45:04Z","timestamp":1027770304000},"page":"85-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["New Approaches to Supporting the Failing Liver"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sean","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos O.","family":"Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmet B.","family":"Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"b1","unstructured":"Keeffe EB. 1995. 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