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Thought to be confined to the severely immunocompromised host, Pneumocystis spp. are being associated with new population niches owing to the advent of immunomodulatory therapies and increased numbers of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The inability to grow Pneumocystis spp. outside the mammalian lung has thwarted progress toward understanding their basic biology, but via the use of new genetic tools and other strategies, researchers are beginning to uncover their biological and genetic characteristics including a biphasic life cycle, significant metabolic capacities, and modulation of lifestyles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,23]],"date-time":"2010-06-23T22:59:02Z","timestamp":1277333942000},"page":"431-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Stealth and Opportunism: Alternative Lifestyles of Species in the Fungal Genus<i>Pneumocystis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Melanie T.","family":"Cushion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560;"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560;,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26539-0"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"209","volume":"54","author":"Barton EG","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. 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