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Most of these methods fall into two broad classes: in vivo expression technology and signature-tagged mutagenesis. In vivo expression technology is a promoter-trap strategy designed to identify genes whose expression is induced in a specific environment, typically that encountered in a host. Signature-tagged mutagenesis uses comparative hybridization to isolate mutants unable to survive specified environmental conditions and has been used to identify genes critical for survival in the host. Both approaches have so far been used exclusively for investigating pathogen-host interactions, but they should be easily adaptable to the study of other processes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T11:45:04Z","timestamp":1027770304000},"page":"129-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["In Vivo Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Su L.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Shipley Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;,"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Mekalanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Shipley Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;,"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Shipley Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;,"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90515-4"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8927"},{"key":"b3","unstructured":"Akerley BJ, Rubin EJ, Lampe DJ, Mekalanos JJ. 1998. 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