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The random screening of chemical compounds and optimization of lead compounds recently resulted in the development of orally active nonpeptide AVP receptor antagonists. Potential therapeutic uses of AVP receptor antagonists include (a) the blockade of V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-vascular AVP receptors in arterial hypertension, congestive heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease; (b) the blockade of V<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-renal AVP receptors in the syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion, congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and any state of excessive retention of free water and subsequent dilutional hyponatremia; (c) the blockade of V<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-pituitary AVP receptors in adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors. 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