{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:02:57Z","timestamp":1791226977742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"Annual Reviews","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annu. Rev. Physiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u25aa Abstract\u2003 Liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are nuclear receptors that function as intracellular sensors for sterols and bile acids, respectively. In response to their ligands, these receptors induce transcriptional responses that maintain a balanced, finely tuned regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. LXRs also permit the efficient storage of carbohydrate- and fat-derived energy, whereas FXR activation results in an overall decrease in triglyceride levels and modulation of glucose metabolism. The elegant, dual interplay between these two receptor systems suggests that they coevolved to constitute a highly sensitive and efficient system for the maintenance of total body fat and cholesterol homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the tissue-specific action of these receptors is also crucial for the proper function of the cardiovascular, immune, reproductive, endocrine pancreas, renal, and central nervous systems. Together, LXRs and FXR represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of numerous metabolic and lipid-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,26]],"date-time":"2005-10-26T18:24:06Z","timestamp":1130351046000},"page":"159-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":521,"title":["LXRS AND FXR: The Yin and Yang of Cholesterol and Fat Metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nada Y.","family":"Kalaany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Mangelsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1866"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383728a0"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.6.3137"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1362"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1365"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80348-2"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355359a0"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.3.329"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5499.2140"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377454a0"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377397a0"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.121","volume":"14","author":"Glass CK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000121202.72593.da"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.10.3583-3592.2003"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.12.095"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20021665"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040432"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.072124"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1138104"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R100035200"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90530-8"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.3.864-872.2003"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209505200"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400046101"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"35","volume":"290","author":"Huber RM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302505200"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400292-JLR200"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503182200"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81432-4"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1524"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00050-2"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2004.03.008"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003337200","volume":"275","author":"Costet P","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000078520.89539.77"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102503200"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5497.1771"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41411-7","volume":"33","author":"Salen G","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109927200"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252582399"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.19.14700"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500080-JLR200"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.817"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403506101"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.01.002"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.021488798"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202993200"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300312-JLR200"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404744200"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107823200"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.6.2182-2191.2003"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207187200"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8573"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.22.7558-7568.2001"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118271"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7863332"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4647"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0061"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02760-2"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182199799"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.112059299"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm820"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12033.x"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.032"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.02.002"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310587200"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215593"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.844900"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.9.2991-3000.2001"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111041200"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng814"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200367-JLR200"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M213202200"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203215200"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)03058-9"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.03.001"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404297101"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0285"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.850400"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204887200"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111421200"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.16.5780-5789.2003"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.17.3172"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0830671100"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302287200"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210208200"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300135-JLR200"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S75"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412564200"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R400004-JLR200"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172510899"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500634102"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.6.0835"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02183.x"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(03)00100-4"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300760200"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300044200"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411420200"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0320088"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00123.2004"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24594"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100519097"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01515"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1413"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400007-JLR200"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01628.x"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00895.x"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22707.x"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.2154"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D104"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.03.017"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.09.019"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)43099-8","volume":"9","author":"Shefer S","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1967.tb00103.x"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)00051-4"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.11.006"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0246"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00187-9"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051014398"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051551698"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00154-5"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010878200"},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1083503"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103270200"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305079200"},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011610200"},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31724"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106340200"},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308321200"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/3034"},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.282"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1138"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.102301.093055"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9391"},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00169-8"},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109326200"},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20806"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306370200"},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119355"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80364-4"},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207903200"},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20295"},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.29749"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306309200"},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.25503"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00456.2003"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204818200"},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103988200"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50100"},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33583"},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302128200"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107557200"},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00388-3"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200410000-00001"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.076158"},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318945"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00062-3"},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209525200"},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40685-6","volume":"19","author":"Angelin B","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01632.x"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb01746.x"},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90692-9"},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(82)90231-1"},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90046-F"},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528209181063"},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.15.10.1720"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00896-5"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92068-3"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112713"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32211-2","volume":"42","author":"Jong MC","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.C200014-JLR200"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007998200"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400221-JLR200"},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200214505"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2000.01473.x"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90305-5"},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304568200"},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421025"},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404255200"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R200014-JLR200"},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.04.026"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32367-1","volume":"41","author":"Tacken PJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411473200"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.141"},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1025"},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0120"},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107000200"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314322200"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205641200"},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0965"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501931200"},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.4.890"},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00247"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80726-6"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01033-0"}],"container-title":["Annual Review of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T02:26:01Z","timestamp":1683253561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"references-count":196,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4278","1545-1585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4278","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-1585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]}}}