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We briefly review the impacts that modern humans and their ancestors have had on biodiversity and discuss the recent declines and alterations in biodiversity. We analyze the direct pressures on biodiversity change: habitat change, overexploitation, exotic species, pollution, and climate change. We discuss the underlying causes, such as demographic growth and resource use, and review existing scenario projections. We identify successes and impending opportunities in biodiversity policy and management, and highlight gaps in biodiversity monitoring and models. Finally, we discuss how the ecosystem services framework can be used to identify undesirable biodiversity change and allocate conservation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-042911-093511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,30]],"date-time":"2012-08-30T13:55:57Z","timestamp":1346334957000},"page":"25-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":633,"title":["Global Biodiversity Change: The Bad, the Good, and the Unknown"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Henrique Miguel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;, ,"}]},{"given":"Laetitia Marie","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;, ,"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;, ,"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Biodiversity Synthesis","author":"Duraiappah A","year":"2005"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1196624"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808772106"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A Synthesis of the Approach, Conclusions and Recommendations of TEEB","author":"The Econ. 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