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This development thus leads to the question of whether the polar nanoregions that contribute to diffuse X-ray scattering and a range of macroscopic properties can be visualized. This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of PFM to a number of ferroelectric relaxors and provides a tentative explanation of the peculiar polarization distributions related to the intriguing physical phenomena in these materials. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-071312-121632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,16]],"date-time":"2013-03-16T06:05:31Z","timestamp":1363413931000},"page":"423-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Mesoscale Domains and Nature of the Relaxor State by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1146","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"V.V.","family":"Shvartsman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Material Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Dkhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Structures Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et Mod\u00e9lisation des Solides, UMR CNRS 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Kholkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Center for Research in Ceramic and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;"}]}],"member":"22","reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"2584","volume":"2","author":"Smolenskii GA","year":"1961","journal-title":"Sov. 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