{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:02:19Z","timestamp":1761242539425,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IBM","issue":"3.4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IBM J. Res. &amp; Dev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1147\/jrd.2012.2187239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,10]],"date-time":"2016-11-10T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1478786134000},"page":"9:1-9:12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Relation extraction and scoring in DeepQA"],"prefix":"10.1147","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kalyanpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"Boguraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"D. C.","family":"Gondek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"}]}],"member":"3082","reference":[{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295996"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1699648.1699684"},{"journal-title":"ACE The Automatic Content Extraction Projects","year":"0","key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Logic and conversation","author":"grice","year":"1975","journal-title":"Syntax and Semantics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2184637","article-title":"Question analysis: How Watson reads a clue","volume":"56","author":"lally","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321250.321253"},{"journal-title":"Unification grammar","year":"1983","author":"kay","key":"ref14"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3115\/980431.980518","article-title":"The semantics of grammar formalisms seen as computer languages","author":"pereira","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc 10th Int Conf Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1052","article-title":"An introduction to unification-based approaches to grammar","volume":"52","author":"shieber","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"journal-title":"PROLOG II - Reference Manual and Theoretical Model","year":"1982","author":"colmerauer","key":"ref17"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2008.06.001"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"286","article-title":"Learning 5000 relational extractors","author":"hoffmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the ACL"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1219840.1219892"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2185409","article-title":"Deep parsing in Watson","volume":"56","author":"mccord","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"625","article-title":"Convolution kernels for natural language","author":"collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Adv NIPS"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2187249","article-title":"Textual evidence gathering and analysis","volume":"56","author":"murdock","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"journal-title":"Making large-scale SVM learning practical","year":"1999","author":"joachims","key":"ref6"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"825","article-title":"A composite kernel to extract relations between entities with both flat and structured features","author":"zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc ACL 21st Int Conf Comput Linguistics\/44th Annu Meet"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"11","article-title":"DBpedia: A nucleus for a web of open data","author":"auer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Semantic Web Conf"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"118","article-title":"Slot grammar: A system for simpler construction of practical natural language grammars","author":"mccord","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Natural Language and Logic"},{"journal-title":"Wikipedia","year":"0","key":"ref7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2186682","article-title":"Finding needles in the haystack: Search and candidate generation","volume":"56","author":"chu-carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2187036","article-title":"Typing candidate answers using type coercion","volume":"56","author":"murdock","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2184356","article-title":"Introduction to &#x2018;This is Watson","volume":"56","author":"ferrucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7287.001.0001","author":"fellbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"WordNet An Electronic Lexical Database"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","volume":"3","author":"blei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2188760","article-title":"A framework for merging and ranking of answers in DeepQA","volume":"56","author":"gondek","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1426","article-title":"Relation extraction with relation topics","author":"wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc EMNLP Conf"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2186519","article-title":"Automatic knowledge extraction from documents","volume":"56","author":"fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10:1","DOI":"10.1147\/JRD.2012.2188737","article-title":"Structured data and inference in DeepQA","volume":"56","author":"kalyanpur","year":"2012","journal-title":"IBM J Res Dev"}],"container-title":["IBM Journal of Research and Development"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/5288520\/6177717\/06177734.pdf?arnumber=6177734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T17:57:22Z","timestamp":1761242242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6177734\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3.4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1147\/jrd.2012.2187239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-8646","0018-8646"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0018-8646"},{"type":"electronic","value":"0018-8646"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}