{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:13:20Z","timestamp":1790201600045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TA-2109-38412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TA-2109-38412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01NS138611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01NS138611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"Intramural Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RadioGraphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging MRI biomarkers of multiple sclerosis that directly correlate with underlying pathophysiologic processes hold great promise for improving diagnostic specificity and prognostication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.250069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:47:07Z","timestamp":1772128027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Conventional and Emerging MRI Biomarkers of Multiple                     Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1148","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy Reynold","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical                     Imaging, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University                     of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerald Garvin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology, St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center,                     Bonifacio Global City, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Alibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical                     Imaging, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University                     of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minth","family":"Punpichet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical                     Imaging, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University                     of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Phramongkutklao Hospital and                     College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7923-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Bharatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical                     Imaging, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University                     of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7839-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin S.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at                     Mount Sinai, New York, NY"},{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute                     of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,                     Md"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Absinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Neuropathology Lab, IRCCS Humanitas Research                     Hospital, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University,                     Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute                     of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,                     Md"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Unity                     Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto,                     Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8171-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suradech","family":"Suthiphosuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical                     Imaging, Unity Health Toronto\u2013St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University                     of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1577","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-017-0453-6"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.166"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae013"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25799"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200025"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00289-7"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams CW. The                         onset and progression of the lesion in multiple                         sclerosis. J Neurol                         Sci 1975;25(2):165\u2013182.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(75)90138-0"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103194"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1653-y"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.151683"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae158"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.37"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm329"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.59"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207507"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207805"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac030"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27145"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102965"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520939008"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06761-5"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26194"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz156"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519864933"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241228426"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514525868"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10121025"},{"key":"r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6437"},{"key":"r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120208"},{"key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.27731"},{"key":"r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.4737"},{"key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2478"},{"key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54583-3"},{"key":"r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.09.009"},{"key":"r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6045"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001120"},{"key":"r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102834"},{"key":"r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200253"},{"key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86198"},{"key":"r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa436"},{"key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2399"},{"key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251314358"},{"issue":"1","key":"r49","first-page":"205521732091548","volume":"6","author":"Blindenbacher N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0124"},{"key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256845"},{"key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25877"},{"key":"r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000203626"},{"key":"r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231162262"},{"key":"r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.03.004"},{"key":"r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103048"},{"key":"r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200205"},{"key":"r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.93"},{"key":"r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000698"},{"key":"r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000877"},{"issue":"3","key":"r61","first-page":"572","volume":"26","author":"Geurts JJG","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211069167"},{"key":"r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.102939"},{"key":"r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516678083"},{"key":"r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519876037"},{"key":"r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0314-x"},{"key":"r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300415"},{"key":"r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25150"},{"key":"r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae395"},{"key":"r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241292965"},{"key":"r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003542"},{"key":"r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-03074-w"},{"key":"r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241249422"},{"key":"r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8510"},{"key":"r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13242"},{"key":"r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221425"},{"key":"r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.599042"},{"key":"r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000735"},{"key":"r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.07.014"},{"key":"r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12651-3"}],"container-title":["RadioGraphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsna.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1148\/rg.250069","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:47:37Z","timestamp":1772560057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsna.org\/doi\/10.1148\/rg.250069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1148\/rg.250069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.250069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0271-5333","1527-1323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0271-5333","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-1323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"article-number":"e250069"}}