{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:28:36Z","timestamp":1791829716749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiology: Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Large language model accuracy for radiology board\u2013style questions was reduced by prompts that mimicked cognitive biases, especially on image-based tasks, and prompt-level mitigations, although effective, only partially restored accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.250585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:52:29Z","timestamp":1776261149000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cognitively Biased Prompt Effects on Large Language Model Accuracy                     for Radiology Board\u2013style Examination Questions"],"prefix":"10.1148","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1556-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas T.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1                     King\u2019s College Cir, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of                     Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3695-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhruv","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston,                     ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4420-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Bellissimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston,                     ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7180-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of North Dakota                     School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal N.","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto,                     Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, University of                     Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto,                     Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1577","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.230582"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232715"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.25.32956"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2025.05.006"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232756"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08465371251323124"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01282-7"},{"key":"r8","unstructured":"Malberg S, Poletukhin R, Schuster CM, Groh G. A                         Comprehensive Evaluation of Cognitive Biases in                         LLMs. arXiv 2024. Preprint posted online                         October 20, 2024; doi:10.48550\/arxiv.2410.15413."},{"key":"r9","unstructured":"Rando J, Zhang J, Carlini N, Tram\u00e8r F. Adversarial                         ML Problems Are Getting Harder to Solve and to                         Evaluate. arXiv 2025. Preprint posted online                         February 4, 2025; doi:10.48550\/arxiv.2502.02260."},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01283-6"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2024.10.002"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbef.2024.100971"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shojaee P, Mirzadeh I, Alizadeh K, Horton M, Bengio S, Farajtabar M. The                         Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of                         Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem                         Complexity. arXiv 2025. Preprint posted                         online June 7, 2025; doi:10.48550\/arxiv.2506.06941.","DOI":"10.70777\/si.v2i6.15919"},{"key":"r14","unstructured":"American Board of Radiology                         (ABR). Preparing for the                         Qualifying (Core). Exam. https:\/\/www.theabr.org\/diagnostic-radiology\/initial-certification\/core-exam\/studying-core-exam.                         April 25, 2025. Accessed June 23, 2025."},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echterhoff J, Liu Y, Alessa A, McAuley J, He Z. Cognitive                         Bias in Decision-Making with LLMs. arXiv                         2024. Preprint posted online February 25, 2024; doi:10.48550\/arxiv.2403.00811.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.739"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrai.2025.100021"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbah.2025.100138"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000651"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08465371251331437"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf045"}],"container-title":["Radiology: Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsna.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1148\/ryai.250585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T13:47:29Z","timestamp":1778075249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsna.org\/doi\/10.1148\/ryai.250585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1148\/ryai.250585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/ryai.250585","relation":{},"ISSN":["2638-6100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2638-6100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"article-number":"e250585"}}