{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:45:41Z","timestamp":1791341141235,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Electrochemical Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,2]],"date-time":"2002-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,2]],"date-time":"2002-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Electrochem. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]]},"abstract":"Mixed metal catalysts containing Pt, Ir, Ru, Os, and Rh were synthesized on three different conductive oxide supports, Ebonex, which is a mixture ofTi<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>and other phases, phase-pure microcrystallineTi<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>,<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>andTi<\/mml:mi>0.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Nb<\/mml:mi>0.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>,<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>a doped rutile compound. Ebonex-supported catalysts were prepared as arrays and screened combinatorially for activity and stability as bifunctional oxygen reduction\/water oxidation catalysts. The highest activity and stability was found in the Pt-Ru-Ir ternary region at compositions nearPt<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Ru<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Ir<\/mml:mi>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>.<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>X-ray near edge absorption spectra indicated a significant electronic interaction between the catalyst and the support, and a substantial increase in catalyst utilization was observed, even though the support surface areas were relatively low. Both Ebonex andTi<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>have short-lived electrochemical stability under conditions of oxygen evolution at+<\/mml:mo>1.6<\/mml:mn>V<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>vs.<\/jats:italic>RHE in 0.5 MH<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>SO<\/mml:mo>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>.<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>Current at these supported catalysts gradually decreases, and the decrease is attributed to loss of electronic conductivity. Ebonex andTi<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>7<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>are also thermally oxidized in air at temperatures above 400\u00b0C. In contrast,Ti<\/mml:mi>0.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Nb<\/mml:mi>0.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>,<\/mml:mo><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>which has a nondefective oxygen lattice, is quite resistant to electrochemical and thermal oxidation. Conditioning ofTi<\/mml:mi>0.9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Nb<\/mml:mi>0.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>O<\/mml:mo>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>-supportedPt<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Ru<\/mml:mi>4<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub>Ir<\/mml:mi>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>at positive potentials had little effect on the activity of the catalyst. \u00a9 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1491237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T21:41:44Z","timestamp":1033508504000},"page":"A1092-A1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Development of Supported Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells"],"prefix":"10.1149","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Guoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Bare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Mallouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"77","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ba1092_1-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1021\/ef970151w","volume":"12","author":"Mitlitsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ba1092_1-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(01)00327-3","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Catal. 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