{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:25:39Z","timestamp":1790342739486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"The Electrochemical Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":175,"URL":"https:\/\/publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org\/iop-standard\/v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":175,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office","award":["DE-AC36-08GO28308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC36-08GO28308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Electrochem. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bipolar membranes (BPMs) have proven useful in numerous electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications, including fuel cells and electrolyzers. However, water dissociation in bipolar membrane electrolysis cells (BPMECs) is a complicated phenomenon that occurs via several different pathways. In this work, we develop a model based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system that includes a multistep water-dissociation mechanism to observe the fundamental processes that contribute to BPMEC performance. The model, which is validated to in-house experimental data, demonstrates that the junction potential is the most significant contributor to the total electrolysis voltage. We investigated the effects of water-dissociation catalysts and found that the optimal catalyst\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <jats:tex-math>\n                        \n                      <\/jats:tex-math>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    depends on how the catalyst is integrated into the BPM (although values near 7 are typically best, in accordance with conventional wisdom). We also simulated the water content across the BPM and found that dry-out is not a significant issue when the membrane is in contact with liquid water on both sides. The species conservation approach taken here leads to a physical understanding of the system without using any fitting parameters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab9ccb","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T18:30:29Z","timestamp":1592245829000},"page":"114502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Modeling Water Electrolysis in Bipolar Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1149","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Wrubel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3718-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6577-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd G.","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"77","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"jesab9ccbbib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2015.1128951","type":"journal-article","volume":"45","author":"Fernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sep. 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Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2020-03-26","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2020-07-01","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}