{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:04:23Z","timestamp":1785891863718,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Electrochemical Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["1652488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1652488"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Electrochem. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"Both thin (55 \u03bc<\/jats:italic>m) composite and thick (350 \u03bc<\/jats:italic>m) all active material battery porous electrodes were prepared for estimating the diffusion coefficient of Li+<\/jats:sup> (\n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n )<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> in tellurium (Te) during electrochemical lithiation. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied to quantify the chemical lithium solid-state diffusion coefficient within the Te active material in the electrodes. Multiple methods of GITT and EIS were assessed. For the composite Te electrodes, the \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> was on the order of 10\u221211<\/jats:sup> cm2<\/jats:sup> s\u22121<\/jats:sup> from both CV and GITT methods, but 10\u22129<\/jats:sup> cm2<\/jats:sup> s\u22121<\/jats:sup> from EIS. For the thick tellurium electrodes, both GITT and EIS resulted in lithium diffusion coefficient estimates in the range of 10\u221211<\/jats:sup>\u201310\u221212<\/jats:sup> cm2<\/jats:sup> s\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The general trend across all methods that quantified the diffusion coefficient as a function of lithiation of tellurium was that the \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> decreased rapidly when the Te material was initially lithiated. The \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> at the phase transition voltage plateau (\u223c1.7 V, vs Li\/Li+<\/jats:sup>, where both Te and Li2<\/jats:sub>Te were expected) had the lowest \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n ,<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> while the \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> both before and after the plateau was generally higher. Among all the electrochemical measurements of \n \n\n<\/jats:tex-math>\n \n \n \n D<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n \n \n Li<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n +<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n ,<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n \n <\/jats:inline-formula> the modified GITT method with modelling the relaxation region resulted in relatively low scatter in the data, provided values as a function of lithiation, and was well suited to thick electrodes with a flat discharge plateau as was the case herein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/acd43e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T08:21:16Z","timestamp":1683793276000},"page":"050534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comparison of Lithium Diffusion Coefficient Measurements in Tellurium Electrodes via Different Electrochemical Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1149","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7172-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Gary M.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"77","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"jesacd43ebib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2021.05.011","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"jesacd43ebib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202000005","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"jesacd43ebib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202004369","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"jesacd43ebib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12201","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA02075H","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2023-03-21","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2023-05-24","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}