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Electrochem. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lithium-ion batteries can last many years but sometimes exhibit rapid, nonlinear degradation that severely limits battery lifetime. In this work, we review prior work on \u201cknees\u201d in lithium-ion battery aging trajectories. We first review definitions for knees and three classes of \u201cinternal state trajectories\u201d (termed snowball, hidden, and threshold trajectories) that can cause a knee. We then discuss six knee \u201cpathways\u201d, including lithium plating, electrode saturation, resistance growth, electrolyte and additive depletion, percolation-limited connectivity, and mechanical deformation\u2014some of which have internal state trajectories with signals that are electrochemically undetectable. We also identify key design and usage sensitivities for knees. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for knee modeling and prediction. Our findings illustrate the complexity and subtlety of lithium-ion battery degradation and can aid both academic and industrial efforts to improve battery lifetime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ac6d13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T22:21:44Z","timestamp":1651789304000},"page":"060517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":408,"title":["Review\u2014\u201cKnees\u201d in Lithium-Ion Battery Aging Trajectories"],"prefix":"10.1149","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-5726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6363-2812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ferran","family":"Brosa Planella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-1436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philipp","family":"Dechent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-2672","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-1834","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Dubarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-9458","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul","family":"Gasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-2607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-717X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Greenbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-3955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Howey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-8921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ouyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-7982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edwin","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8558-2529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuliya","family":"Preger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0351-5141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1785-2042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shashank","family":"Sripad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-9657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna G.","family":"Stefanopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8687-327X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valentin","family":"Sulzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"77","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"jesac6d13bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.3390\/en10122107","article-title":"Lithium-ion battery storage for the grid\u2014A review of stationary battery storage system design tailored for applications in modern power grids","volume":"10","author":"Hesse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"jesac6d13bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/AEITAUTOMOTIVE50086.2020.9307426","article-title":"Optimal life-cycle costs of batteries for different electric cars","author":"Bocca","year":"2020"},{"key":"jesac6d13bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/en13030568","article-title":"Lifetime expectancy of Li-ion batteries used for residential solar storage","volume":"13","author":"Beltran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"jesac6d13bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A3031","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0981913jes","article-title":"A wide range of testing results on an excellent lithium-ion cell chemistry to be used as benchmarks for new battery technologies","volume":"166","author":"Harlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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