{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T05:22:24Z","timestamp":1737523344879,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Electrochemical Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/page\/copyright"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/info\/page\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials","award":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0006\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.00625.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00625.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iopscience.iop.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Electrochem. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of impurities in the iron oxides feedstock introduces significant challenges during the electrowinning process for green steelmaking, leading to unpredictable effects. In the present study, the impact of metallic iron content on the Faradaic efficiency and microstructure of iron deposits obtained through the electroreduction of iron-magnetite powders in alkaline suspensions (10 M NaOH) at low temperature (80\u00a0\u00b0C) was evaluated. The findings reveal that the presence of metallic iron may negatively impact the reduction process. A comparative analysis of suspensions with and without iron content showed that the Faradaic efficiency for iron-free samples (63%\u201376%) significantly exceeds that of iron-containing suspensions (37%\u201357%). This demonstrates that the presence of metallic iron in the suspension can hinder the electroreduction of magnetite to Fe, with the effect becoming more pronounced at higher Fe concentration. Changes were observed in the microstructure of iron deposits, with the dendrites becoming less sharp and more disordered in iron-containing suspensions. Particle size distribution analysis further revealed that larger metallic iron particles may contribute to the sedimentation and entrapment of magnetite particles, which negatively affect the current density and Faradaic efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ada738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T23:05:06Z","timestamp":1736291106000},"page":"012506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroreduction of Magnetite for Steel Production from Ceramic Suspensions Containing Metallic Iron"],"prefix":"10.1149","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1219-4125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ad\u00e9lio","family":"Fumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-5070","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniela V.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5845-6516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maksim","family":"Starykevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-9797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Kovalevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"77","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"jesada738bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010156","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.1010156","volume":"9","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright_information","label":"Copyright Information"},{"value":"2024-10-25","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"name":"date_accepted","label":"Date Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"2025-01-21","name":"date_epub","label":"Online publication date","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}}]}}