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Lactose significantly increased hUAT open probability but only when added to the channel's extracellular side. This effect on open probability was mimicked by glucose, but not ribose, suggesting a role for extracellular glucose in regulating hUAT channel activity. These functional observations support a four-transmembrane-domain structural model of hUAT, as previously predicted from the primary structure of UAT. hUAT and UAT, however, are not functionally identical: hUAT has a significantly lower single-channel conductance and open probability is voltage independent. These differences suggest that evolutionary changes in specific amino acids in these highly homologous proteins are functionally relevant in defining these biophysical properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00333.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:32:35Z","timestamp":1425414755000},"page":"F150-F163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Functional analysis and molecular model of the human urate transporter\/channel, hUAT"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Edgar","family":"Leal-Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, 10029; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. 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