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Neuroanatomical experiments, using pseudorabies virus (PRV) as a transneuronal tracer in C8 spinalectomized animals showed that PVN neurons project to hypoglossal motoneurons innervating the genioglossus (GG) muscle. Furthermore, microinjection of the PVN with bicuculline, a GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist, significantly increased ( P &lt; 0.05) peak electromyographic activity of GG (GG<jats:sub>EMG<\/jats:sub>) and of D<jats:sub>EMG<\/jats:sub>, frequency discharge, and arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate. Prior injection of OT antagonist [d-(CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>,Tyr(Me)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>,Orn<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>]-vasotocin intracisternally or blockade of OT receptors in the pre-B\u00f6tC region with OT antagonist l-368,899, diminished GG<jats:sub>EMG<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>EMG<\/jats:sub> responses and blunted the increase in BP and heart rate to PVN stimulation. These data show that PVN stimulation affects central regulatory mechanisms via the pre-B\u00f6tC region controlling both respiratory and cardiovascular functions. The parallel changes induced by PVN stimulation were mediated mainly through an OT-OT receptor signaling pathway. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00522.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,21]],"date-time":"2006-07-21T00:48:41Z","timestamp":1153442921000},"page":"189-199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulates cardiorespiratory responses via oxytocinergic innervation of neurons in pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"S. O.","family":"Mack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. 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