{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:24:23Z","timestamp":1773620663144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Limiting redundancy in the real-world sensory inputs is of obvious benefit for efficient neural coding, but little is known about how this may be accomplished by biophysical neural mechanisms. One possible cellular mechanism is through adaptation to relatively constant inputs. Recent investigations in primary visual (V1) cortical neurons have demonstrated that adaptation to prolonged changes in stimulus contrast is mediated in part through intrinsic ionic currents, a Ca<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-activated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current ( I<jats:sub>KCa<\/jats:sub>) and especially a Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-activated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current ( I<jats:sub>KNa<\/jats:sub>). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the activation of adaptation ionic currents may provide a cellular mechanism for temporal decorrelation in V1. A conductance-based neuron model was simulated, which included an I<jats:sub>KCa<\/jats:sub> and an I<jats:sub>KNa<\/jats:sub>. We show that the model neuron reproduces the adaptive behavior of V1 neurons in response to high contrast inputs. When the stimulus is stochastic with 1\/ f <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or 1\/ f-type temporal correlations, these autocorrelations are greatly reduced in the output spike train of the model neuron. The I<jats:sub>KCa<\/jats:sub> is effective at reducing positive temporal correlations at approximately 100-ms time scale, while a slower adaptation mediated by I<jats:sub>KNa<\/jats:sub> is effective in reducing temporal correlations over the range of 1\u201320 s. Intracellular injection of stochastic currents into layer 2\/3 and 4 (pyramidal and stellate) neurons in ferret primary visual cortical slices revealed neuronal responses that exhibited temporal decorrelation in similarity with the model. Enhancing the slow afterhyperpolarization resulted in a strengthening of the decorrelation effect. These results demonstrate the intrinsic membrane properties of neocortical neurons provide a mechanism for decorrelation of sensory inputs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00242.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:01:10Z","timestamp":1149055270000},"page":"3279-3293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Adaptation and Temporal Decorrelation by Single Neurons in the Primary  Visual Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Sanchez-Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David A.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5297.221"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adorj\u00e1n P, Piepenbrock C, and Obermayer K. Contrast  adaptation and info-max in visual cortical neurons. Rev  Neurosci 10:  181\u2013200, 1999.","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.1999.10.3-4.181"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890030406"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.6.559"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_3_2_009"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attneave F.  Some informational aspects of visual perception. Pysch  Rev 61:  183\u2013193, 1954.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01050-4"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0246"},{"key":"REF9","unstructured":"Barlow HB.  Possible principles underlying the transformations of sensory messages. In:  Sensory Communication, edited by Rosenblith WA.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1961, p.  217\u2013234."},{"key":"REF10","unstructured":"Barlow HB.  A theory about the functional role and synaptic mechanism of visual  after-effects. In: Vision: Coding and Efficiency,  edited by Blakemore C. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,  1990."},{"key":"REF11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/net.12.3.241.253"},{"key":"REF12","unstructured":"Barlow HB and  Foldiak P. Adaptation and decorrelation in the cortex. In: The  Computing Neuron, edited by Durbin R, Miall C, and Mitchison G.  New York: Addison-Wesley, 1989, p.  454\u2013472."},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00121-1"},{"key":"REF14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.743bj.x"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008862"},{"key":"REF16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81205-2"},{"key":"REF17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82888"},{"key":"REF18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5314.949"},{"key":"REF19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00069-0"},{"key":"REF20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04785.1998"},{"key":"REF21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09904.2001"},{"key":"REF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung S, Li X,  and Nelson SB. Short-term depression at thalamocortical synapses  contributes to rapid adaptation of cortical sensory responses in vivo.  Neuro 34:  437\u2013446, 2002.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00659-1"},{"key":"REF23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03351.1996"},{"key":"REF24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_6_3_003"},{"key":"REF25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_6_2_003"},{"key":"REF26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00103-3"},{"key":"REF27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(94)90093-0"},{"key":"REF28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-05-01964.1992"},{"key":"REF29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90913-T"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017106"},{"key":"REF31","unstructured":"Fain GL. Molecular and Cellular Physiology of Neurons.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1999."},{"key":"REF32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35090500"},{"key":"REF33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.4.559"},{"key":"REF34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241364"},{"key":"REF35","unstructured":"Gabbiani F and  Koch C. Principles of spike train analysis. In: Methods in  Neuronal Modeling: From Synapses to Networks (2nd ed.) edited by  Koch C and Segev I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, p.  313\u2013360."},{"key":"REF36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00581559"},{"key":"REF37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00584.2002"},{"key":"REF38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(99)00068-5"},{"key":"REF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grafe P, Rimpel  J, and Reddy MM. Changes of intracellular sodium and potassium ion  concentrations in frog spinal motoneurons induced by repetitive synaptic  stimulation. Neuroscience 7:  2113\u20132120, 1982.","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90243-3"},{"key":"REF40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90113-J"},{"key":"REF41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90026-0"},{"key":"REF42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(96)79653-4"},{"key":"REF43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764"},{"key":"REF44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/357244a0"},{"key":"REF45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/309354a0"},{"key":"REF46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-09053.2002"},{"key":"REF47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-01-00287.2001"},{"key":"REF48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01506.2003"},{"key":"REF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koh DS, Jonas  P, and Vogel W. Na+-activated K+ channels localized  in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. J  Physiol 479:1  83\u2013197, 1994.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020287"},{"key":"REF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laughlin SB. A simple coding procedure enhances a neurons  information capacity. Z Naturforsch 36: 910\u2013912,  1981.","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1981-9-1040"},{"key":"REF51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00483-1"},{"key":"REF52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008916026143"},{"key":"REF53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4116.1036"},{"key":"REF54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.11.1143"},{"key":"REF55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/278850a0"},{"key":"REF56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-02-00344.1991"},{"key":"REF57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.54.3.651"},{"key":"REF58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381607a0"},{"key":"REF59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00962717"},{"key":"REF60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217656"},{"key":"REF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao RP,  Olshausen BA, and Lewicki MS. Probabilistic Models of the  Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5583.001.0001"},{"key":"REF62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09445.2001"},{"key":"REF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose CR,  Kovalchuk Y, Eilers J, and Konnerth A. Two-photon Na+ imaging in spines  and fine dendrites of central neurons. Pflugers Arch 439: 201\u2013207,  1999.","DOI":"10.1007\/s004249900123"},{"key":"REF64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021951"},{"key":"REF65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_5_4_006"},{"key":"REF66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.73.814"},{"key":"REF67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04267.2000"},{"key":"REF68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04286.2000"},{"key":"REF69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.61.2.233"},{"key":"REF70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.59.2.450"},{"key":"REF71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.54.3.668"},{"key":"REF72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00207-7"},{"key":"REF73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012571"},{"key":"REF74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01714-8"},{"key":"REF75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.1193"},{"key":"REF76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386069a0"},{"key":"REF78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/8.3.204"},{"key":"REF79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1982.0085"},{"key":"REF80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.719"},{"key":"REF81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-07926.1997"},{"key":"REF82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00105-3"},{"key":"REF83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Hateren JH  and van der Schaaf A. Temporal properties of natural scenes.  IS&T\/SPIE Proceedings 2657:  139\u2013143, 1996.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.238709"},{"key":"REF84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90360-G"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5456.1273"},{"key":"REF86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00101-7"},{"key":"REF87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1549"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00242.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:29:19Z","timestamp":1568003359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00242.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00242.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00242.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}