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In this activity, we outline a number of simple laboratory activities or classroom demonstrations that illustrate the complexity of the integrative physiology behind breath-hold duration. These activities require minimal equipment and are easily adapted to small-group demonstrations or a larger-group inquiry format where students can design a protocol and collect and analyze data from their classmates. Specifically, breath-hold duration is measured during a number of maneuvers, including after end expiration, end inspiration, voluntary prior hyperventilation, and inspired hyperoxia. Further activities illustrate the potential contribution of chemoreflexes through rebreathing and repeated rebreathing after a maximum breath hold. The outcome measures resulting from each intervention are easily visualized and plotted and can comprise a comprehensive data set to illustrate and discuss complex and integrated cardiorespiratory physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00030.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T17:01:58Z","timestamp":1441126918000},"page":"223-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The ins and outs of breath holding: simple demonstrations of complex respiratory physiology"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Skow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor A.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Steinback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1149"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.03.007"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016392"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(87)80032-4"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.202.2.217","volume":"202","author":"Fink BR","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"596","volume":"52","author":"Fitzgerald RS","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(71)90054-5"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(95)00018-9"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1954.6.9.539"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(68)90030-3"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22435"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3735"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1908.sp001258"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"Kobayashi T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi Suppl"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(75)90018-3"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.3.291"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361733"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000700002"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c100083","volume":"2","author":"Nattie E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00748.x"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.07.008"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.031625"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1967.16.1.20"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00173"}],"container-title":["Advances in Physiology Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/advan.00030.2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T05:43:35Z","timestamp":1653111815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/advan.00030.2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/advan.00030.2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00030.2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4046","1522-1229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4046","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}}}