{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:45:34Z","timestamp":1787017534030,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Physiology Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We implemented a team-based activity in our exercise physiology teaching laboratory that was inspired from Abbott et al.\u2019s classic 1952 Journal of Physiology paper titled \u201cThe physiological cost of negative work.\u201d Abbott et al. connected two bicycles via one chain. One person cycled forward (muscle shortening contractions, positive work) while the other resisted the reverse moving pedals (muscle lengthening contractions, negative work), and the cost of work was compared. This study was the first to link human whole body energetics with isolated muscle force-velocity characteristics. The laboratory activity for our students ( n = 35) was designed to reenact Abbott et al.\u2019s experiment, integrate previously learned techniques, and illustrate differences in physiological responses to muscle shortening and lengthening contractions. Students (11\u201312 students\/laboratory section) were split into two teams (positive work vs. negative work). One student from each team volunteered to cycle against the other for ~10 min. The remaining students in each team were tasked with measuring: 1) O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    consumption, 2) heart rate, 3) blood lactate, and 4) perceived exertion. Students discovered that O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    consumption during negative work was about one-half that of positive work and all other physiological parameters were also substantially lower. Muscle lengthening contractions were discussed and applied to rehabilitation and sport training. The majority of students (&gt;90%) agreed or strongly agreed that they stayed engaged during the activity and it improved their understanding of exercise physiology. All students recommended the activity be performed again. This activity was engaging, emphasized teamwork, yielded clear results, was well received, and preserved the history of classic physiological experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00158.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1486757422000},"page":"120-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Back to the future! Revisiting the physiological cost of negative work as a team-based activity for exercise physiology students"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Kilgas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan; and"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Elmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1951.0048"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004755"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011515"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1016-5_1"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20997"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00567.2006"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000145441.80209.66"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199702000-00017"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00144.2015"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01291.x"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.092247"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2687-7"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1924.sp002141"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Mechaniche Arbeit und Warmeentwicklung b.d. Muskelthatigkeit","author":"Fick A","year":"1882"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.050112"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012246"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070189"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2362"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.2197"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254082"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"Laboratory Manual for Exercise Physiology","author":"Haff GG","year":"2012"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00069.2013"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00239.2014"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0052-y"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1939.sp003756"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advances.2001.25.2.45"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00008.2013"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.5.M419"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"135","volume":"33","author":"Lastayo PC","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-5"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0801-2"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.5.R1282"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.276.2.R611"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.10.557"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1358471"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.124297"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"256","volume":"16","author":"Lindstedt SL","year":"2001","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.15.2211","volume":"205","author":"Lindstedt SL","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"976","volume":"72","author":"Menard MR","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000074580.79648.9D"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.124057"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2011.579926"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology. Comparative Physiology","author":"Rome LC","year":"1997"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-1000-6"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00146.2013"}],"container-title":["Advances in Physiology Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/advan.00158.2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T20:38:53Z","timestamp":1658608733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/advan.00158.2016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/advan.00158.2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/advan.00158.2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4046","1522-1229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4046","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1229","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]}}}