{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:29:32Z","timestamp":1773660572270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The Xin repeat-containing proteins were originally found in the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle with implicated roles in cardiac development and function. A pair of paralogous genes, Xin\u03b1 ( Xirp1) and Xin\u03b2 ( Xirp2), is present in mammals. Ablation of the mouse Xin\u03b1 ( mXin\u03b1) did not affect heart development but caused late-onset adulthood cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conductive defects. Both mXin\u03b1 and mXin\u03b2 are also found in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of skeletal muscle. Here we investigated the structural and functional significance of mXin\u03b1 in skeletal muscle. In addition to MTJ and the contact sites between muscle and perimysium, mXin\u03b1 but not mXin\u03b2 was found in the blood vessel walls, whereas both proteins were absent in neuromuscular junctions and nerve fascicles. Coimmunoprecipitation suggested association of mXin\u03b1 with talin, vinculin, and filamin, but not \u03b2-catenin, in adult skeletal muscle, consistent with our previous report of colocalization of mXin\u03b1 with vinculin. Loss of mXin\u03b1 in mXin\u03b1-null mice had subtle effects on the MTJ structure and the levels of several MTJ components. Diaphragm muscle of mXin\u03b1-null mice showed hypertrophy. Compared with wild-type controls, mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle lacking mXin\u03b1 exhibited no overt change in contractile and relaxation velocities or maximum force development but better tolerance to fatigue. Loaded fatigue contractions generated stretch injury in wild-type EDL muscle as indicated by a fragmentation of troponin T. This effect was blunted in mXin\u03b1-null EDL muscle. The results suggest that mXin\u03b1 play a role in MTJ conductance of contractile and stretching forces. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00005.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T03:29:35Z","timestamp":1363231775000},"page":"C1002-C1012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Localization and function of Xin\u03b1 in mouse skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Han-Zhong","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinchuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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