{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:40:18Z","timestamp":1790851218247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"HHS | NIH | NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Common fund of the office of the director"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Common fund of the office of the director"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"HHS | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to the core proteins of cell surface, extracellular, and intracellular proteoglycans. The multistep and highly regulated biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and its degradation products give rise to a diverse species of molecules with functional regulatory properties in biological systems. This review will elucidate and expand on the most recent advances in understanding the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associate proteoglycans, in arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), two different and discrete pathologies. Highlighting not only the biodiverse nature of this family of molecules but also the utilization of CS proteoglycans, CS, and its catabolic fragments as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for disease pathologies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00103.2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T14:29:30Z","timestamp":1669040970000},"page":"C142-C152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associated proteoglycans in disease pathology and as a diagnostic marker"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"324","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5615-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marissa L.","family":"Maciej-Hulme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life         Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9237-0524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Melrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling         Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard\u2019s, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1303-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke L.","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and         Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar325"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-014-0008-7"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170820"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-017-9761-z"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00232"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.12.4263"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/38.3.1689338"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(05)53005-9"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.06.006"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(00)00125-1"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044451967-2\/00036-2"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540214923"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.696640"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cmble-2015-0011"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr050247k"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwp174"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom2040549"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.360693"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1999.5876"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27186103"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.95"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2017.1284824"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.10.002"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290106"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155412464376"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.026"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2453"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.979158"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105423"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.11.010"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20090474"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.04.003"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520932199"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.02.803"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115496"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780351110"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0397"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52358-4"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn088"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008647"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80324-3"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07815-7"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3990"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.429647"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000098"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1300060"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ralston E, Gutierrez-Cruz G, Kenea A, Brooks S. Transcriptomic analysis of mdx mouse muscles reveals a signature of early human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BioRxiv, 2021. doi:10.1101\/2021.07.16.452553.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.16.452553"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02147"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00512"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007542200"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12266"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67464-x"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00435.x"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh635"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025383913444"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2012.688944"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)63188-4"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20150"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013067108"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.02.016"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01273"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-016-0995-1"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612195114"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.020"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20724"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101447"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4966"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0416"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201003081"},{"key":"B72","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Pisconti A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3_suppl.26s"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1044-7431(03)00033-2"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.08.023"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.08.053"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.353243"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110516"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.695970"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds312"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.03.004"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206915"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.043703"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.1c00050"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37662"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201510086"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32160-8"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.336925"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.767924"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00103.2022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T15:29:52Z","timestamp":1718638192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00103.2022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpcell.00103.2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00103.2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6143","1522-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-09","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}