{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:00:50Z","timestamp":1780509650794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The use of biosynthetic fluorescent sensors is an important new approach for imaging Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in cells. Genetically encoded indicators based on green fluorescent protein, calmodulin, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been utilized to measure Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in nonmammalian transgenic organisms and provide information about the organization and regulation of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signaling events in vivo. However, expression of biosynthetic FRET-based Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> indicators in transgenic mammals has proven to be problematic. Here, we report transgenic expression of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> biosensor in mouse pancreas. We targeted expression of a yellow cameleon3.3er (YC3.3er) transgene with mouse insulin I promoter. YC3.3er protein expression was limited to pancreatic \u03b2-cells within islets of Langerhans and absent in the exocrine pancreas and other tissues. Animals developed and matured normally; sensor expression was unaffected by age. Glucose tolerance in transgenic mice was also unaffected, indicating the transgenic biosensor did not impair endocrine pancreas function. ER Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> responses after administration of thapsigargin, carbachol, and glucose were measured in individual \u03b2-cells of intact islets using confocal microscopy and confirmed the function of the biosensor. We conclude that controlling transgene transcription with a cell-specific promoter permits transgenic expression of FRET-based Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> sensors in mammals and that this approach will facilitate real-time optical imaging of signal transduction events in living tissues. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00151.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:23:52Z","timestamp":1086049432000},"page":"C932-C938","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Imaging endoplasmic reticulum calcium with a fluorescent biosensor in transgenic mice"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"287","author":[{"given":"Manami","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vytautas","family":"Bindokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Kaihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Luis R.","family":"Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Harbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird GS, Zacharias DA, and Tsien RY. 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