{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:23:57Z","timestamp":1776947037071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Electrical slow waves determine the timing and force of peristaltic contractions in the stomach. Slow waves originate from a dominant pacemaker in the orad corpus and propagate actively around and down the stomach to the pylorus. The mechanism of slow-wave propagation is controversial. We tested whether Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    entry via a voltage-dependent, dihydropyridine-resistant Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    conductance is necessary for active propagation in canine gastric antral muscles. Muscle strips cut parallel to the circular muscle were studied with intracellular electrophysiological techniques using a partitioned-chamber apparatus. Slow-wave upstroke velocity and plateau amplitude decreased from the greater to the lesser curvature, and this corresponded to a decrease in the density of interstitial cells of Cajal in the lesser curvature. Slow-wave propagation velocity between electrodes impaling cells in two regions of muscle and slow-wave upstroke and plateau were measured in response to experimental conditions that reduce the driving force for Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    entry or block voltage-dependent Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    currents. Nicardipine (0.1\u20131 \u03bcM) did not affect slow-wave upstroke or propagation velocities. Upstroke velocity, amplitude, and propagation velocity were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by Ni\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (1\u2013100 \u03bcM), mibefradil (10\u201330 \u03bcM), and reduced extracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (0.5\u20131.5 mM). Depolarization (by 10\u201315 mM K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) or hyperpolarization (10 \u03bcM pinacidil) also reduced upstroke and propagation velocities. The higher concentrations (or lowest Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of these drugs and ionic conditions tested blocked slow-wave propagation. Treatment with cyclopiazonic acid to empty Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stores did not affect propagation. These experiments show that voltage-dependent Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    entry is obligatory for the upstroke phase of slow waves and active propagation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00165.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,13]],"date-time":"2007-09-13T21:39:02Z","timestamp":1189719542000},"page":"C1645-C1659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Voltage-gated Ca\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    currents are necessary for slow-wave propagation in the canine gastric antrum"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"293","author":[{"given":"Orline","family":"Bayguinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kenyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenton M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe Y\n                      , Tomita T.\n                      Cable properties of smooth muscle.\n                      J Physiol\n                      196\n                      : 87\u2013100, 1968.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008496"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aczel S\n                      , Kurka B, Hering S.\n                      Mechanism of voltage- and use-dependent block of class A Ca\n                      2+\n                      channels by mibefradil.\n                      Br J Pharmacol\n                      125\n                      : 447\u2013454, 1998.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702092"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer AJ\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      Gradient in excitation-contraction coupling in canine gastric antral circular muscle.\n                      J Physiol\n                      369\n                      : 283\u2013294, 1985.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015901"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernatchez G\n                      , Sauve R, Parent L.\n                      State-dependent inhibition of inactivation-deficient Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)23 channels by mibefradil.\n                      J Membr Biol\n                      184\n                      : 143\u2013159, 2001.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00232-001-0083-4"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezprozvanny I\n                      , Watras J, Ehrlich BE.\n                      Bell-shaped calcium-response curves of Ins(1,4,5),P3- and calcium-gated channels from endoplasmic reticulum of cerebellum.\n                      Nature\n                      351\n                      : 751\u2013754, 1991.","DOI":"10.1038\/351751a0"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cousins HM\n                      , Edwards FR, Hickey H, Hill CE, Hirst GD.\n                      Electrical coupling between the myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal and adjacent muscle layers in the guinea-pig gastric antrum.\n                      J Physiol\n                      550\n                      : 829\u2013844, 2003.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.042176"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel EE\n                      , Sarna S.\n                      The generation and conduction of activity in smooth muscle.\n                      Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol\n                      18\n                      : 145\u2013166, 1978.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.18.040178.001045"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dickens EJ\n                      , Hirst GD, Tomita T.\n                      Identification of rhythmically active cells in guinea-pig stomach.\n                      J Physiol\n                      514\n                      : 515\u2013531, 1999.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.515ae.x"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards FR\n                      , Hirst GD, Suzuki H.\n                      Unitary nature of regenerative potentials recorded from circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig antrum.\n                      J Physiol\n                      519\n                      : 235\u2013250, 1999.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0235o.x"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards FR\n                      , Hirst GD.\n                      An electrical analysis of slow wave propagation in the guinea-pig gastric antrum.\n                      J Physiol\n                      571\n                      : 179\u2013189, 2006.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.100743"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirst GD\n                      , Edwards FR.\n                      Generation of slow waves in the antral region of guinea-pig stomach-a stochastic process.\n                      J Physiol\n                      535\n                      : 165\u2013180, 2001.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00165.x"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirst GD\n                      , Garcia-Londono AP, Edwards FR.\n                      Propagation of slow waves in the guinea-pig gastric antrum.\n                      J Physiol\n                      571\n                      : 165\u2013177, 2006.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.100735"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodgkin AL\n                      , Katz B.\n                      The effect of temperature on the electrical activity of the giant axon of the squid.\n                      J Physiol\n                      109\n                      : 240\u2013249, 1949.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004388"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horowitz B\n                      , Ward SM, Sanders KM.\n                      Cellular and molecular basis for electrical rhythmicity in gastrointestinal muscles.\n                      Annu Rev Physiol\n                      61\n                      : 19\u201343, 1999.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.61.1.19"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imtiaz MS\n                      , Katnik CP, Smith DW, van Helden DF.\n                      Role of voltage-dependent modulation of store Ca\n                      2+\n                      release in synchronization of Ca\n                      2+\n                      oscillations.\n                      Biophys J\n                  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2002.","DOI":"10.1540\/jsmr.38.165"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kito Y\n                      , Ward SM, Sanders KM.\n                      Pacemaker potentials generated by interstitial cells of Cajal in the murine intestine.\n                      Am J Physiol Cell Physiol\n                      288\n                      : C710\u2013C720, 2005.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00361.2004"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee HK\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      Comparison of ionic currents from interstitial cells and smooth muscle cells of canine colon.\n                      J Physiol\n                      460\n                      : 135\u2013152, 1993.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019463"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leuranguer V\n                      , Mangoni ME, Nargeot J, Richard S.\n                      Inhibition of T-type and L-type calcium channels by mibefradil: physiologic and pharmacologic bases of cardiovascular effects.\n                      J Cardiovasc Pharmacol\n                      37\n                      : 649\u2013661, 2001.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200106000-00002"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mak DO\n                      , McBride S, Foskett JK.\n                      Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate activation of inositol trisphosphate receptor Ca\n                      2+\n                      channel by ligand tuning of Ca\n                      2+\n                      inhibition.\n                      Proc Natl Acad Sci USA\n                      95\n                      : 15821\u201315825, 1998.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15821"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason MJ\n                      , Mahaut-Smith MP.\n                      Voltage-dependent Ca\n                      2+\n                      release in rat megakaryocytes requires functional IP\n                      3\n                      receptors.\n                      J Physiol\n                      533\n                      : 175\u2013183, 2001.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0175b.x"},{"key":"R26","unstructured":"Mehrke G\n                      , Zong XG, Flockerzi V, Hofmann F.\n                      The Ca(2+)-channel blocker Ro 40\u20135967 blocks differently T-type and L-type Ca2+ channels.\n                      J Pharmacol Exp Ther\n                      271\n                      : 1483\u20131488, 1994."},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"rd\u00f6g T\n                      , Baldo M, Danko R, Sanders KM.\n                      Plasticity of electrical pacemaking by interstitial cells of Cajal and gastric dysrhythmias in W\/W mutant mice.\n                      Gastroenterology\n                      123\n                      : 2028\u20132040, 2002.","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37056"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6rd\u00f6g T\n                      , Ward SM, Sanders KM.\n                      Interstitial cells of Cajal generate electrical slow waves in the murine stomach.\n                      J Physiol\n                      518\n                      : 257\u2013269, 1999.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0257r.x"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozaki H\n                      , Stevens RJ, Blondfield DP, Publicover NG, Sanders KM.\n                      Simultaneous measurement of membrane potential, cytosolic Ca\n                      2+\n                      , and tension in intact smooth muscles.\n                      Am J Physiol Cell Physiol\n                      260\n                      : C917\u2013C925, 1991.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1991.260.5.C917"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park KJ\n                      , Hennig GW, Lee HT, Spencer NJ, Ward SM, Smith TK, Sanders KM.\n                      Spatial and temporal mapping of pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal in mouse ileum in situ.\n                      Am J Physiol Cell Physiol\n                      290\n                      : C1411\u2013C1427, 2006.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00447.2005"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Publicover NG\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      A technique to locate the pacemaker in smooth muscles.\n                      J Appl Physiol\n                      57\n                      : 1586\u20131590, 1984.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.57.5.1586"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Publicover NG\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      Myogenic regulation of propagation in gastric smooth muscle.\n                      Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol\n                      248\n                      : G512\u2013G520, 1985.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1985.248.5.G512"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Publicover NG\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      Effects of frequency on the wave form of propagated slow waves in canine gastric antral muscle.\n                      J Physiol\n                      371\n                      : 179\u2013189, 1986.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp015967"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders KM\n                      , Koh SD, Ward SM.\n                      Interstitial cells of cajal as pacemakers in the gastrointestinal tract.\n                      Annu Rev Physiol\n                      68\n                      : 307\u2013343, 2006.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040504.094718"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanders KM\n                      , Publicover NG.\n                      Electrophysiology of the gastric musculature. In:\n                      Handbook of Physiology. The Gastrointestinal System. Motility and Circulation.\n                      Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc. 1989, sect. 6, vol. I, pt. 1, chapt. 5, p. 187\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.cp060105"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song G\n                      , Hirst GD, Sanders KM, Ward SM.\n                      Regional variation in ICC distribution, pacemaking activity and neural responses in the longitudinal muscle of the murine stomach.\n                      J Physiol\n                      546\n                      : 523\u2013450, 2005.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.081067"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Szurszewski JH\n                      .\n                      Electrical basis for gastrointestinal motility. In:\n                      Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract\n                      , edited by LR Johnson, New York: Raven, 1987, p. 383\u2013422."},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Helden DF\n                      , Imtiaz MS.\n                      Ca\n                      2+\n                      phase waves: a basis for cellular pacemaking and long-range synchronicity in the guinea-pig gastric pylorus.\n                      J Physiol\n                      548\n                      : 271\u2013296, 2003.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.033720"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton MK\n                      , Fozzard HA.\n                      Experimental study of the conducted action potential in cardiac Purkinje strands.\n                      Biophys J\n                      44\n                      : 1\u20138, 1983.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(83)84272-6"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward SM\n                      , Dixon RE, de Faoite A, Sanders KM.\n                      Voltage-dependent calcium entry underlies propagation of slow waves in canine gastric antrum.\n                      J Physiol\n                      561\n                      : 793\u2013810, 2004.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.076067"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward SM\n                      , Ordog T, Koh SD, Baker SA, Jun JY, Amberg G, Monaghan K, Sanders KM.\n                      Pacemaking in interstitial cells of Cajal depends upon calcium handling byendoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.\n                      J Physiol\n                      525\n                      : 355\u2013361, 2000.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00355.x"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward SM\n                      , Sanders KM.\n                      Dependence of electrical slow waves of canine colonic smooth muscle on calcium gradient.\n                      J Physiol\n                      455\n                      : 307\u2013319, 1992.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019303"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao T\n                      , Ashihara T, Ito M, Nakazawa K, Horie M.\n                      Refractory gradient is responsible for the increase in ventricular vulnerability under sodium channel blockade.\n                      Circ J\n                      69\n                      : 345\u2013353, 2005.","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.345"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00165.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T13:40:40Z","timestamp":1718631640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00165.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpcell.00165.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00165.2007","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1098595.554700","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0363-6143","1522-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}