{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:51:29Z","timestamp":1785372689502,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Gift donation, Bionutritional Research Group"},{"name":"Gift donation, Hilmar Ingredients"},{"name":"Gift donation, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Herein, we examined if acute or chronic resistance exercise affected markers of skeletal muscle long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon activity. In study 1, 10 resistance-trained college-aged men performed three consecutive daily back squat sessions, and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken before (Pre), 2 h following session 1 (Post1), and 3 days following session 3 (Post2). In study 2, 13 untrained college-aged men performed a full-body resistance training program (3 days\/wk), and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken before ( week 0) and ~72 h following training cessation ( week 12). In study 1, LINE-1 mRNA decreased 42\u201348% at Post1 and 2 ( P &lt; 0.05), and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity trended downward at Post2 (\u221237%, P = 0.067). In study 2, LINE-1 mRNA trended downward at week 12 (\u221217%, P = 0.056) while LINE-1 promoter methylation increased (+142%, P = 0.041). Open reading frame (ORF)2p protein expression (\u221224%, P = 0.059) and RT activity (\u221226%, P = 0.063) also trended downward by week 12. Additionally, changes in RT activity versus satellite cell number were inversely associated ( r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.725, P = 0.008). Follow-up in vitro experiments demonstrated that 48-h treatments with lower doses (1 \u03bcM and 10 \u03bcM) of efavirenz and nevirapine (non-nucleoside RT inhibitors) increased myoblast proliferation ( P &lt; 0.05). However, we observed a paradoxical decrease in myoblast proliferation with higher doses (50 \u03bcM) of efavirenz and delavirdine. This is the first report suggesting that resistance exercise downregulates markers of skeletal muscle LINE-1 activity. Given our discordant in vitro findings, future research is needed to thoroughly assess whether LINE-1-mediated RT activity enhances or blunts myoblast, or primary satellite cell, proliferative capacity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00192.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T22:17:03Z","timestamp":1513808223000},"page":"C379-C388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Acute and chronic resistance training downregulates select LINE-1 retrotransposon activity markers in human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"314","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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