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Cell viability 24 h after the 1-h confocal imaging period was \u223c90% for cells that were neither fluorescently stained nor subjected to laser excitation. By contrast, fluorescently stained cells imaged for 1 h exhibited greatly reduced viability. Treatment with ascorbate reduced the level of cell death, suggesting that the effect was mediated by release of exogenous ROS associated with the interaction of light and the fluorochrome. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>oscillations were not always associated with cell death, suggesting that separate light-sensitive pathways mediate the two processes. Light-activated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signaling may trigger alterations in numerous cell processes and thereby represent an important and hitherto overlooked artifact in fluorescent microscopy of viable cells. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00276.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T00:12:39Z","timestamp":1368490359000},"page":"C1083-C1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Live cell imaging using confocal microscopy induces  intracellular calcium transients and cell death"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Martin M.","family":"Knight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Biomedical Materials and Medical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan 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