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As a result of its extensive use, we are increasingly exposed to tungsten from our environment, including potable water, since tungsten can become bioaccessible in ground sources. The kidneys are particularly susceptible to tungsten exposure as this is the main site for tungsten excretion. In this study, we investigated the prolonged effects of tungsten on the kidneys and how this may impact injury and function. When mice were exposed to tungsten in their drinking water for 1 mo, kidney function had not significantly changed. Following 3-mo exposure, mice were presented with deterioration in kidney function as determined by serum and urine creatinine levels. During 3 mo of tungsten exposure, murine kidneys demonstrated significant increases in the myofibroblast marker \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1SMA) and extracellular matrix products: fibronectin, collagen, and matricellular proteins. In addition, Masson\u2019s trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining revealed an increase in fibrotic tissue and vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells, respectively, from kidneys of tungsten-treated mice, indicative of renal injury. In vitro treatment of kidney fibroblasts with tungsten led to increased proliferation and upregulation of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u03b21), which was consistent with the appearance of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) markers. Our data suggest that continuous exposure to tungsten impairs kidney function that may lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00277.2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T22:42:36Z","timestamp":1638398556000},"page":"C205-C217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Subchronic oral exposure of tungsten induces myofibroblast transformation and various markers of kidney fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, 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