{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:48:59Z","timestamp":1790401739510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012756","name":"Lalor Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK121848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK121848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD040793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD040793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD069623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD069623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Successful sperm maturation and storage rely on a unique immunological balance that protects the male reproductive organs from invading pathogens and spermatozoa from a destructive autoimmune response. We previously characterized one subset of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in the murine epididymis, CX3CR1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, emphasizing their different functional properties. This population partially overlaps with another subset of understudied heterogeneous MPs, the CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells. In the present study, we analyzed the CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MPs for their immune phenotype, morphology, and antigen capturing and presenting abilities. Epididymides from CD11c-EYFP mice, which express enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MPs, were divided into initial segment (IS), caput\/corpus, and cauda regions. Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MPs with a macrophage phenotype (CD64<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and F4\/80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were the most abundant in the IS, whereas those with a dendritic cell signature [CD64<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>] were more frequent in the cauda. Immunofluorescence revealed morphological and phenotypic differences between CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MPs in the regions examined. To assess the ability of CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells to take up antigens, CD11c-EYFP mice were injected intravenously with ovalbumin. In the IS, MPs expressing macrophage markers were most active in taking up the antigens. A functional antigen-presenting coculture study was performed, whereby CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were activated after ovalbumin presentation by CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> epididymal MPs. The results demonstrated that CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MPs in all regions were capable of capturing and presenting antigens. Together, this study defines a marked regional variation in epididymal antigen-presenting cells that could help us understand fertility and contraception but also has larger implications in inflammation and disease pathology. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T19:56:55Z","timestamp":1601409415000},"page":"C997-C1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["From initial segment to cauda: a regional characterization of mouse epididymal CD11c<sup>+<\/sup> mononuclear phagocytes based on immune phenotype and function"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"319","author":[{"given":"A. C.","family":"Mendelsohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Sanmarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"Spallanzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Breton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Battistone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092090208"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaz059"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.233239"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646837"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.005389"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070590"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn055"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.067835"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2270-0"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0493"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.153540"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0088-1"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00438.x"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199707)248:3<380:AID-AR11>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2419"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2784"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12224"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1733"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3712"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12637"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02295.x","volume":"23","author":"Hall SH","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.012989"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140946"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-009-0473-8"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.20485"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.36"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.5829"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22771"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"849","volume":"75","author":"Jose-Miller AB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.04.048"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12559"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e5"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.6.1392"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13140"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.01.005"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"255","volume":"180","author":"Markey CM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3606-9_12"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00014-1"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.03.022"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.155770"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mog.0000231807.03149.54"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59420-5"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070270408"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12831"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01882"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(94)90019-1"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.125"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.6.1785"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.027284"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406968200"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1983.tb00221.x"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.5.1142"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.2.205"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001630404"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242847"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.002011"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI89927"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2018.01.003"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.20"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.113"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T16:26:21Z","timestamp":1718641581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00392.2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-6143","1522-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-6143","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}}}