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The high-fat and carbohydrate-restricted regimen causes changes in the metabolism, leading, through the \u03b2-oxidation of fatty acids, to the hepatic production of ketone bodies (KBs), which are used by many extrahepatic tissues as energy fuels. Once synthetized, KBs are delivered through the systemic circulation to all the tissues of the organism, where they play pleiotropic roles acting directly and indirectly on various targets, and among them ion channels and neurotransmitters. Moreover, they can operate as signaling metabolites and epigenetic modulators. Therefore, it is inappropriate to consider that the KD regimen can improve the patients\u2019 clinical condition simply by means of specific and localized effects; rather, it is more correct to think that KBs affect the organism as a whole. In this review, we tried to summarize the recent knowledge of the effects of KBs on various tissues, with a particular attention on the excitable ones, namely the nervous system, heart, and muscles. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00458.2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T19:24:10Z","timestamp":1611775450000},"page":"C547-C553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of the ketogenic diet in excitable tissues"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"320","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Murano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 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