{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:50:48Z","timestamp":1790297448635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The ability to image calcium signals at subcellular levels within the intact depolarizing heart could provide valuable information toward a more integrated understanding of cardiac function. Accordingly, a system combining two-photon excitation with laser-scanning microscopy was developed to monitor electrically evoked [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>transients in individual cardiomyocytes within noncontracting Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>transients were recorded at depths \u2264100 \u03bcm from the epicardial surface with the fluorescent indicators rhod-2 or fura-2 in the presence of the excitation-contraction uncoupler cytochalasin D. Evoked [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> transients were highly synchronized among neighboring cardiomyocytes. At 1 Hz, the times from 90 to 50% ( t <jats:sub>90\u201350%<\/jats:sub>) and from 50 to 10% ( t <jats:sub>50\u201310%<\/jats:sub>) of the peak [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> were (means \u00b1 SE) 73 \u00b1 4 and 126 \u00b1 10 ms, respectively, and at 2 Hz, 62 \u00b1 3 and 94 \u00b1 6 ms ( n = 19, P &lt; 0.05 vs. 1 Hz) in rhod-2-loaded cardiomyocytes. [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> decay was markedly slower in fura-2-loaded hearts ( t <jats:sub>90\u201350%<\/jats:sub> at 1 Hz, 128 \u00b1 9 ms and at 2 Hz, 88 \u00b1 5 ms; t <jats:sub>50\u201310%<\/jats:sub> at 1 Hz, 214 \u00b1 18 ms and at 2 Hz, 163 \u00b1 7 ms; n = 19, P &lt; 0.05 vs. rhod-2). Fura-2-induced deceleration of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> decline resulted from increased cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> buffering, because the kinetics of rhod-2 decay resembled those obtained with fura-2 after incorporation of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelator BAPTA. Propagating calcium waves and [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> amplitude alternans were readily detected in paced hearts. This approach should be of general utility to monitor the consequences of genetic and\/or functional heterogeneity in cellular calcium signaling within whole mouse hearts at tissue depths that have been inaccessible to single-photon imaging. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00469.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T00:14:32Z","timestamp":1368490472000},"page":"C1654-C1668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Two-photon molecular excitation imaging of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>transients in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rubart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Krannert Institute of Cardiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Exing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana 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