{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:16:38Z","timestamp":1790997398207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The exocrine salivary glands of mammals secrete K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> by an unknown pathway that has been associated with HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> efflux. However, the present studies found that K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> secretion in the mouse submandibular gland did not require HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, demonstrating that neither K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransport nor K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> exchange mechanisms were involved. Because HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> did not appear to participate in this process, we tested whether a K channel is required. Indeed, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> secretion was inhibited &gt;75% in mice with a null mutation in the maxi-K, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-activated K channel (K<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>1.1) but was unchanged in mice lacking the intermediate-conductance IK<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>1 channel (K<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>3.1). Moreover, paxilline, a specific maxi-K channel blocker, dramatically reduced the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentration in submandibular saliva. The K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentration of saliva is well known to be flow rate dependent, the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentration increasing as the flow decreases. The flow rate dependence of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> secretion was nearly eliminated in K<jats:sub> Ca<\/jats:sub> 1.1 null mice, suggesting an important role for K<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>1.1 channels in this process as well. Importantly, a maxi-K-like current had not been previously detected in duct cells, the theoretical site of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> secretion, but we found that K<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>1.1 channels localized to the apical membranes of both striated and excretory duct cells, but not granular duct cells, using immunohistochemistry. Consistent with this latter observation, maxi-K currents were not detected in granular duct cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the secretion of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> requires and is likely mediated by K<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>1.1 potassium channels localized to the apical membranes of striated and excretory duct cells in the mouse submandibular exocrine gland. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00511.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T01:37:39Z","timestamp":1201138659000},"page":"C810-C819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Apical maxi-K (K<sub>Ca<\/sub>1.1) channels mediate K<sup>+<\/sup> secretion by the mouse submandibular exocrine gland"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor G.","family":"Romanenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Begenisich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Melvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander JH, van Lennep EW, Young JA. 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