{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:27:47Z","timestamp":1767994067202,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During hypoxia, the level of adenosine in the carotid bodies increases as a result of ATP catabolism and adenosine efflux via adenosine transporters. Using Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>imaging, we found that adenosine, acting via A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>receptors, triggered a rise in cytoplasmic [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) in type I (glomus) cells of rat carotid bodies. The adenosine response could be mimicked by forskolin (but not its inactive analog), and could be abolished by the PKA inhibitor H89. Simultaneous measurements of membrane potential (perforated patch recording) and [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>showed that the adenosine-mediated [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>rise was accompanied by depolarization. Ni<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, a voltage-gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel (VGCC) blocker, abolished the adenosine-mediated [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>rise. Although adenosine was reported to inhibit a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>current, 4-AP failed to trigger any [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>rise, or to attenuate the adenosine response. In contrast, anandamide, an inhibitor of the TWIK-related acid-sensitive K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-1 (TASK-1) channels, triggered depolarization and [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>rise. The adenosine response was attenuated by anandamide but not by tetraethylammonium. Our results suggest that adenosine, acting via the adenylate cyclase and PKA pathways, inhibits the TASK-1 K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>channels. This leads to depolarization and activation of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>entry via VGCC. This excitatory action of adenosine on type I cells may contribute to the chemosensitivity of the carotid body during hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00546.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,26]],"date-time":"2006-01-26T01:33:50Z","timestamp":1138239230000},"page":"C1592-C1598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Adenosine stimulates depolarization and rise in cytoplasmic [Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>] in type I cells of rat carotid bodies"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Fenglian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick W.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blinks JR, Wier WG, Hess P, and Prendergast FG.Measurement of Ca2+concentrations in living cells.Prog Biophys Mol Biol40: 1\u2013114, 1982.","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(82)90011-6"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckler KJ.A novel oxygen-sensitive potassium current in rat carotid body type I cells.J Physiol498: 649\u2013662, 1997.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021890"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckler KJand Vaughan-Jones RD.Effects of hypercapnia on membrane potential and intracellular calcium in rat carotid body type I cells.J Physiol478: 157\u2013171, 1994.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020239"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckler KJand Vaughan-Jones RD.Effects of hypoxia on membrane potential and intracellular calcium in rat neonatal carotid body type I cells.J Physiol476: 423\u2013428, 1994.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020143"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Dinger B, and Fidone SJ.cAMP production in rabbit carotid body: role of adenosine.J Appl Physiol82: 1771\u20131775, 1997.","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.6.1771"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi J, Choi BH, Hahn SJ, Yoon SH, Min DS, Jo Y, and Kim M.Inhibition of Kv1.3 channels by H-89,N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide, independent of protein kinase A.Biochem Pharmacol61: 1029\u20131032, 2001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00556-1"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conde SVand Monteiro EC.Hypoxia induces adenosine release from the rat carotid body.J Neurochem89: 1148\u20131156, 2004.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02380.x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dale N, Pearson T, and Frenguelli BG.Direct measurement of adenosine release during hypoxia in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampal slice.J Physiol526: 143\u2013155, 2000.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00143.x"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunwiddie TVand Masino SA.The role and regulation of adenosine in the central nervous system.Annu Rev Neurosci24: 31\u201355, 2001.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.31"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fearon IM, Zhang M, Vollmer C, and Nurse CA.GABA mediates autoreceptor feedback inhibition in the rat carotid body via presynaptic GABABreceptors and TASK-1.J Physiol553: 83\u201394, 2003.","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.048298"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fieber LAand McCleskey EW.L-type calcium channels in type I cells of the rat carotid body.J Neurophysiol70: 1378\u20131384, 1993.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.4.1378"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzgerald RS, Shirahata M, Wang HY, Balbir A, and Chang I.The impact of adenosine on the release of acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine from the cat carotid body.Neurosci Lett367: 304\u2013308, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.06.019"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gauda EB.Expression and localization of A2aand A1-adenosine receptor genes in the rat carotid body and petrosal ganglia. 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